Cancer genome sequencing has uncovered substantial complexity in the mutational landscape of tumors. Given this complexity, experimental approaches are necessary to establish the impact of combinations of genetic alterations on tumor biology and to uncover genotype-dependent effects on drug sensitivity. In lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR mutations co-occur with many putative tumor suppressor gene alterations, however the extent to which these alterations contribute to tumor growth and their response to therapy in vivo has not been explored experimentally. By integrating a novel mouse model of oncogenic EGFR -driven Trp53 -deficient lung adenocarcinoma with multiplexed CRISPR– Cas9 -mediated genome editing and tumor barcode sequencing, we quantified the effects of inactivation of ten putative tumor suppressor genes. Inactivation of Apc , Rb1 , or Rbm10 most strongly promoted tumor growth. Unexpectedly, inactivation of Lkb1 or Setd2 – which were the strongest drivers of tumor growth in an oncogenic Kras -driven model – reduced EGFR -driven tumors growth. These results were consistent with the relative frequency of these tumor suppressor gene alterations in human EGFR - and KRAS -driven lung adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, Keap1 inactivation reduced the sensitivity of tumors to osimertinib in the EGFRL858R ; p53 flox/flox model. Importantly, in human EGFR / TP53 mutant lung adenocarcinomas, mutations in the KEAP1 pathway correlated with decreased time on tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Our study highlights how genetic alterations can have dramatically different biological consequences depending on the oncogenic context and that the fitness landscape can shift upon drug treatment.### Competing Interest StatementK.Politi is co-inventor on a patent licensed to Molecular MD for EGFR T790M mutation testing (through MSKCC). K.Politi has received Honoraria/Consulting fees from Takeda, NCCN, Novartis, Merck, AstraZeneca, Tocagen, Maverick Therapeutics and Dynamo Therapeutics and research support from AstraZeneca, Kolltan, Roche and Symphogen. M. M. Winslow has received honoraria from the speakers bureaus of Genentech, Merck, and Amgen. M. M. Winslow and D. Petrov have ownership interest (including stock, patents, etc.) in D2G Oncology and are a consultant/advisory board members for D2G Oncology. M. Diehn reports research funding from Varian Medical Systems and Illumina, ownership interest in CiberMed, patent filings related to cancer biomarkers, paid consultancy from Roche, AstraZeneca, and BioNTech, and travel/honoraria from RefleXion and Illumina.