Abstract Found in many organisms, soluble carotenoproteins are considered as antioxidant nanocarriers for biomedical applications, although the structural basis for their carotenoid transfer function, a prerequisite for rational bioengineering, is largely unknown. We report crystal structures of the Carotenoid-Binding Protein from Bombyx mori (BmCBP) in apo- and zeaxanthin (ZEA)-bound forms. We use spectroscopy and calorimetry to characterize how ZEA and BmCBP mutually affect each other in the complex, identify key carotenoid-binding residues, confirm their roles by crystallography and carotenoid-binding capacity of BmCBP mutants and reconstitute BmCBP complexes with biomedically-relevant xanthophylls lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. By cost-effectively and scalably solubilizing xanthophylls from various crude herbal extracts, His-tagged BmCBP remains monomeric and forms a dynamic nanocontainer delivering carotenoids to liposomes and to other carotenoid-binding proteins, which in particular makes the Orange Carotenoid Protein, a promising optogenetic tool, photoactive. Furthermore, BmCBP(ZEA) administration stimulates fibroblast growth, which paves the way for its biomedical applications.