OR DECADES, INFECTIVE ENDOCARditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus has been viewed primarily as a community-acquired disease, especially associated with injection drug use. [1]][10][11] S aureus IE is relatively infrequent at any individual institution, and observations of its characteristics were based primarily upon relatively small samples, 1,3,6,9,[12][13][14] single-center experiences, 5,6,8,9,[13][14][15][16] or retrospectively identified patients. 2,7,8,15,16tient characteristics, treatment practices, and outcomes in these single-center studiesoftendifferedconsiderably.Moreover, because no large, prospectively col-