In recent decades, there has been a tendency to decrease the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection proportion in the structure of etiological factors concerning the chronic gastritis, which, on the one hand, was due to the success of eradication therapy, and on the other hand, due to a decrease in the number of new infections. At the same time, there is an increase in the importance of other disease causes, which were previously considered extremely rare, as well as a combined etiology, primarily with HP infection. Currently, international position papers attract the attention of clinicians to an increase in the autoimmune gastritis (AIG) prevalence in the adult population. Besides, in real clinical practice, AIG is commonly diagnosed at the stage of severe atrophy and formed macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies, requiring correction of nutritional status to prevent the development of significant neurological disorders, anemia syndrome, as well as osteopenia/osteoporosis. The presented article is aimed at drawing the practitioner's attention to possible morphological predictors of the disease and the difficulties in the diagnostic search for AIG that may arise during differential diagnosis, including if AIG is combined with HP infection, as well as when choosing effective pharmacotherapy. KEYWORDS: autoimmune gastritis, atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastroprotection, carcinoprevention, rebamipid. FOR CITATION: Shchelochenkov S.V., Bordin D.S., Chebotareva M.V., Lisovsky M.A., Gubanova A.V., Guskova O.N. Autoimmune gastritis: diagnosis to effective therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2024;8(5):299–306 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2024-8-5-9.