8113 Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), which include thymomas (T) and thymic carcinomas (TC), are rare, yet they are the most common neoplasms in the anterior mediastinum. TETs can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. To develop more effective therapeutics for TETs, it is necessary to better understand their molecular underpinnings. Herein, we present the findings from an in-depth molecular characterization of TETs. Methods: TETs samples (n = 138; 55 from thymus and 78 from metastatic sites) were profiled using next generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA (592-genes/WES) and RNA (WTS) at Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, AZ). Prevalence was calculated for pathogenic SNVs/Indels, deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI) status assessed by IHC and NGS, PD-L1 expression measured by IHC (SP142; positive: ≥ 2+, ≥ 5%), and high tumor mutational burden (TMB-High) defined as ≥ 10 mut/Mb. The relative expression (transcript per million -TPM) of surface antigens (surfaceome) were evaluated. Pathway enrichment was determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests were applied where appropriate. Results: Central pathology review showed that the 138 TET samples were comprised of 34.8% (n = 48) thymic carcinomas (TC) and 65.2% (n = 90) thymomas (T). Thymomas were further stratified into the WHO classification subtypes (n = 10 A, 13 AB, 6 B1, 15 B2, and 46 B3). Median patient age was 60.5 years (range: 17-88). TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in TETs. GTF2I mutations were found in 8 cases exclusively in thymomas. KIT mutations were identified in B3 and TC. KRAS, HRAS, and PIK3CA mutations were present in < 3% of all TETs patients. Genomic alterations in cell cycle-related genes (n = 19, 13.8%), the DNA repair pathway (n = 11, 8.0%), and chromatin remodeling (n = 27, 19.6%) were also observed in TETs, with these alterations more prevalent in TC compared to T. dMMR/MSI-H was detected in a subset of TETs, specifically B3 thymoma (n = 1) and TC (n = 4), showing a correlation with TMB-H in 80% of these cases. GSEA revealed that the MYC, angiogenesis, and mTORC1 pathways are more enriched in TC than in T. Surfaceome genes ( ERBB2: fold change (FC) = 1.51, ERBB3: FC = 1.45, TROP2: FC = 1.45, NECTIN-4: FC = 1.77 and MESOTHELIN: FC = 5.25) were significantly highly expressed in TC compared to T. Conclusions: Our findings offer insights into the molecular characteristics of TETs and reveal potential therapeutic targets. The relatively high prevalence of dMMR/MSI-H status in TC underscores the potential utility of assessing dMMR/MSI-H in patients with TC. [Table: see text]