Abstract Scn2a encodes voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.2, which mediates neuronal firing. The current paradigm suggests that Na V 1.2 gain-of-function variants enhance neuronal excitability resulting in epilepsy, whereas Na V 1.2 deficiency impairs neuronal excitability contributing to autism. In this paradigm, however, why about a third of patients with Na V 1.2 deficiency still develop seizures remains a mystery. Here we challenge the conventional wisdom, reporting that neuronal excitability is increased with severe Na V 1.2 deficiency. Using a unique gene-trap knockout mouse model of Scn2a , we found enhanced intrinsic excitabilities of principal neurons in the cortico-striatal circuit, known to be involved in Scn2a -related seizures. This increased excitability is autonomous, and is reversible by genetic restoration of Scn2a expression in adult mice. Mechanistic investigation reveals a compensatory downregulation of potassium channels including K V 1.1, which could be targeted to alleviate neuronal hyperexcitability. Our unexpected findings may explain Na V 1.2 deficiency-related epileptic seizures in humans and provide molecular targets for potential interventions. TEASER Severe Na V 1.2 deficiency results in neuronal hyperexcitability via the compensatory downregulation of potassium channels. HIGHLIGHTS Severe Na V 1.2 deficiency results in enhanced excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and pyramidal neurons in adult mice; Increased neuronal excitability in MSNs is accompanied by elevated voltage threshold; Na V 1.2 deficiency-related hyperexcitability is reversible with the restoration of Scn2a expression, and is autonomous; The expression of the K V 1.1 channel has a compensatory reduction in neurons with Na V 1.2 deficiency, and KV channels openers normalize the neuronal excitability; The enhanced excitability in brain slices translates to elevated in vivo firing commonly associated with seizures.