Abstract The intercellular transmission of α-synuclein is proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) 1 . Supporting this transmission hypothesis, α-synuclein has been identified to act as a prion 2 and has been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and saliva 3 . However, the mechanism required to initiate the pathogenic spread of α-synuclein in the body that results in PD remains unclear. Here we identify a mechanism for the loading of α-synuclein into exosomes, resulting in prion-like transmission that is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase activator, Ndfip1. Risk factors associated with PD, including metal toxicity, lysosome dysfunction and pesticide exposure, 4 stimulate the upregulation of Ndfip1 and increase the loading of α-synuclein into exosomes. We used this pathway to promote the loading of endogenous α-synuclein into exosomes, that when intranasally delivered to either wild type or M83 transgenic mice, resulted in Parkinson’s-like pathology including motor impairments and brain amyloids. Recipient cells require α-synuclein for pathogenesis, as delivery of exosomes containing α-synuclein to Snca knockout mice did not generate brain amyloids or Parkinson’s-like motor impairments. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism to initiate the prion-like spread of α-synuclein in exosomes, following exposure to risk factors for PD.