Antarctica, being the coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth, represents the most extreme environment a living organism can thrive in. Under constant exposure to harsh environmental threats, terrestrial Antarctica remains home to a great diversity of microorganisms, indicating that the soil bacteria must have adapted a range of survival strategies that require cell-to-cell communication. Survival strategies include secondary metabolite production, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, symbiosis, conjugation, sporulation and motility, all of which are often regulated by quorum sensing (QS), a type of bacterial communication. Up to now, such mechanisms have not been explored in terrestrial Antarctica. Here, for the first time, LuxI/LuxR-based quorum sensing (QS) activity was delineated in soil bacterial isolates recovered from Adams Flat, in the Vestfold Hills region of East Antarctica. Interestingly, we identified the production of potential homoserine lactones (HSLs) ranging from medium to long chain length in 19 bacterial species using three biosensors, namely Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Escherichia coli MT102, in conjunction with thin layer chromatography (TLC). The majority of detectable HSLs were from gram-positive microorganisms not previously known to produce HSLs. This discovery further expands our understand of the microbial community capable of this type of communication, as well as providing insights into physiological adaptations of microorganisms that allow them to survive in the harsh Antarctic environment.