No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Nov 2012Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting Prostate Biopsy Findings in Patients Considered for Active Surveillance of Clinically Low Risk Prostate Cancer Hebert Alberto Vargas, Oguz Akin, Asim Afaq, Debra Goldman, Junting Zheng, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Amita Shukla-Dave, James Eastham, Peter Scardino, and Hedvig Hricak Hebert Alberto VargasHebert Alberto Vargas Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Supported by the Peter Michael Foundation. More articles by this author , Oguz AkinOguz Akin Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Asim AfaqAsim Afaq Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Debra GoldmanDebra Goldman Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Junting ZhengJunting Zheng Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Chaya S. MoskowitzChaya S. Moskowitz Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Amita Shukla-DaveAmita Shukla-Dave Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , James EasthamJames Eastham Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Peter ScardinoPeter Scardino Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Equal study contribution. More articles by this author , and Hedvig HricakHedvig Hricak Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Equal study contribution. More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.024AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: A barrier to the acceptance of active surveillance for men with prostate cancer is the risk of underestimating the cancer burden on initial biopsy. We assessed the value of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in predicting upgrading on confirmatory biopsy in men with low risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 388 consecutive men (mean age 60.6 years, range 33 to 89) with clinically low risk prostate cancer (initial biopsy Gleason score 6 or less, prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/ml, clinical stage T2a or less) underwent endorectal magnetic resonance imaging before confirmatory biopsy. Three radiologists independently and retrospectively scored tumor visibility on endorectal magnetic resonance imaging using a 5-point scale (1—definitely no tumor to 5—definitely tumor). Inter-reader agreement was assessed with weighted kappa statistics. Associations between magnetic resonance imaging scores and confirmatory biopsy findings were evaluated using measures of diagnostic performance and multivariate logistic regression. Results: On confirmatory biopsy, Gleason score was upgraded in 79 of 388 (20%) patients. Magnetic resonance imaging scores of 2 or less had a high negative predictive value (0.96–1.0) and specificity (0.95–1.0) for upgrading on confirmatory biopsy. A magnetic resonance imaging score of 5 was highly sensitive for upgrading on confirmatory biopsy (0.87–0.98). At multivariate analysis patients with higher magnetic resonance imaging scores were more likely to have disease upgraded on confirmatory biopsy (odds ratio 2.16–3.97). Inter-reader agreement and diagnostic performance were higher for the more experienced readers (kappa 0.41–0.61, AUC 0.76–0.79) than for the least experienced reader (kappa 0.15–0.39, AUC 0.61–0.69). Magnetic resonance imaging performed similarly in predicting low risk and very low risk (Gleason score 6, less than 3 positive cores, less than 50% involvement in all cores) prostate cancer. Conclusions: Adding endorectal magnetic resonance imaging to the initial clinical evaluation of men with clinically low risk prostate cancer helps predict findings on confirmatory biopsy and assess eligibility for active surveillance. References 1 : Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin2011; 61: 212. Google Scholar 2 : Declining death rates reflect progress against cancer. PLoS One2010; 5: e9584. 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Volume 188 Issue 5 November 2012 Page: 1732-1738 Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordsmagnetic resonance imagingprostatic neoplasmswatchful waitingAcknowledgmentsMs. Ada Muellner provided editorial assistance.Metrics Author Information Hebert Alberto Vargas Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Supported by the Peter Michael Foundation. More articles by this author Oguz Akin Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Asim Afaq Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Debra Goldman Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Junting Zheng Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Chaya S. Moskowitz Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Amita Shukla-Dave Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author James Eastham Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Peter Scardino Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Equal study contribution. More articles by this author Hedvig Hricak Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Equal study contribution. More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...