The cell-surface glycoprotein melanotransferrin (MELTF; also known as CD228, p97, MELTF, and MFI2) is a member of the iron-binding transferrin-superfamily. Since its initial discovery as a presumable melanoma tumor antigen, ubiquitous expression of MELTF in melanocytic and nonmelanocytic cells has attracted much research substantiating a function in iron homeostasis, blood brain barrier permeability, microvascular endothelial function, plasminogen activation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenic progression across various cancer types, but a specific role in melanomagenesis has remained elusive ( Mazahreh et al., 2023 Mazahreh R. Mason M.L. Gosink J.J. Olson D.J. Thurman R. Hale C. et al. SGN-CD228A Is an Investigational CD228-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate with Potent Antitumor Activity across a Wide Spectrum of Preclinical Solid Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2023; 22: 421-434 Google Scholar , Rolland et al., 2006 Rolland Y. Demeule M. Beliveau R. Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA-dependent activation of plasminogen in endothelial cells leading to cell detachment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006; 1763: 393-401 Google Scholar , Rolland et al., 2009 Rolland Y. Demeule M. Fenart L. Beliveau R. Inhibition of melanoma brain metastasis by targeting melanotransferrin at the cell surface. Pigm Cell Melanoma R. 2009; 22: 86-98 Google Scholar , Singh et al., 2021 Singh C.S.B. Eyford B.A. Abraham T. Munro L. Choi K.B. Okon M. et al. Discovery of a Highly Conserved Peptide in the Iron Transporter Melanotransferrin that Traverses an Intact Blood Brain Barrier and Localizes in Neural Cells. Front Neurosci. 2021; 15596976 Google Scholar , Suryo Rahmanto et al., 2007 Suryo Rahmanto Y. Dunn L.L. Richardson D.R. The melanoma tumor antigen, melanotransferrin (p97): a 25-year hallmark--from iron metabolism to tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2007; 26: 6113-6124 Google Scholar ). Here we have examined the role of MELTF expression in melanomagenesis employing (i) CRISPR/Cas9-based target deletion with NanoString transcriptomic analysis and phenotypic characterization (Figure 1), and (ii) murine disease models and human patient data mining (Figure 2). Figure 2Loss of MELTF expression enhances subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis in bioluminescent A375-Luc2 malignant melanoma SCID mouse models and negatively correlates with patient survival. (a) A375-Luc2 cells [MELTF_WT vs. MELTF_KO (A18)] were injected subcutaneously (n = 8 per group) and tumor growth monitored over a 24d period. Left: Tumor burden as a function of genotype and time (*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p <0.001); Right: representative images of tumors after excision (d25) with scale bar (cm). (b) Bioluminescent A375-Luc2 cells [MELTF_WT vs. MELTF_KO (A18)] were injected intracardially (n = 8 per group) and lung metastasis monitored by bioluminescent image analysis over a 21d period. Left: Representative images (five mice per group with quantitative image analysis); *p<0.05; Right: Kaplan–Meier analysis of mouse survival as a function of MELTF expression status (numbers specify survivors per group). (c) TCGA IlluminaHiSeq transcriptomic analysis of MELTF expression in various types of human tumors [violin plot with quartiles and median; ****p<0.0001 (melanoma versus all others); for abbreviations: Supplementary Table S4]. (d) Patient survival as a function of tumor MELTF expression. Left: Box plot depicting MELTF expression range in a 'GDC TCGA Melanoma (SKCM)' cohort (102 patients stratified by survival). Right: Survival analysis as a function of MELTF expression and time since initial diagnosis; pie charts depict relative proportion [alive (black) versus dead (red)] as a function of MELTF expression (cutoff: 46.6 FPKM; Log-rank p-value: 0.012). View Large Image Figure Viewer Download Hi-res image