MV
Michiel Veen
Author with expertise in Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction and Regeneration
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Neuronal differentiation through GPI-anchor cleavage by GDE2: regulation via sequence-dependent trafficking

Fernando Salgado-Polo et al.Jan 28, 2019
GDE2 (GDPD5) is a multispanning membrane glycerophosphodiesterase that cleaves select glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and thereby alters cell behavior. GDE2 promotes neuronal differentiation and survival in cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manners through cleavage of glypicans and RECK, respectively. Moreover, GDE2 is a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma and protects against progressive neurodegeneration in mice. However, its regulation remains unclear. Here we report that in neuronal cells, GDE2 undergoes constitutive endocytosis and travels back along both fast and slow recycling routes. This trafficking is differentially regulated by distinctive C-terminal sequences that modulate GDE2’s ability to release glypican-6 and induce neuronal differentiation. Specifically, we define a GDE2 truncation mutant that displays aberrant recycling and is dysfunctional, whereas a consecutive 10-amino acid deletion results in cell-surface retention and gain of function. These results highlight the importance of sequence-dependent membrane trafficking for GDE2 neuronal function, of relevance for nervous system disorders where trafficking has gone awry.