Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. MRSA resists nearly all β-lactam antibiotics that have a bactericidal activity and a signal inducer effect. However, studies have yet to clarify whether the inducer effect of empirically used β-lactams stimulates MRSA pathogenicity in vivo. Here, we showed that a new cluster of tandem lipoprotein genes (tlpps) was upregulated in MRSA in response to the subinhibitory concentrations of β-lactam induction. The increased Tlpps significantly altered immune responses by macrophages with high IL-6 and TNFα levels. The deletion of the tlpps mutant (N315Δtlpps) significantly decreased the proinflammatory cytokine levels in vitro and in vivo. The bacterial loads of N315Δtlpps in the mouse kidney were also reduced compared with those of the wild type N315. The β-lactam-treated MRSA exacerbated cutaneous infections with increased lesion size, extended illness, and flake-like abscess-formation compared with those of the nontreatment. The β-lactam antibiotics that promoted the MRSA pathogenicity were SarA dependent, and the increasing expression of tlpps after β-lactam treatment was directly controlled by the global regulator SarA. Overall, our findings suggested that β-lactams should be used carefully because it might lead to a worse outcome of MRSA infection than inaction in the treatment.