During a pandemic, identifying modes of transmission is paramount to devise effective and practical mitigation strategies. Mohamed Abbas and Didier Pittet1Abbas M Pittet D Surfing the COVID-19 scientific wave.Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; (published online June 30.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30558-2Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (7) Google Scholar challenge the conclusions of our reports that normal speaking might be an important mode of transmission for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), involving small particles that remain airborne for minutes.2Anfinrud P Stadnytskyi V Bax CE Bax A Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets with laser light scattering.N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 2061-2063Crossref PubMed Scopus (297) Google Scholar, 3Stadnytskyi V Bax CE Bax A Anfinrud P The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117: 11875-11877Crossref PubMed Scopus (752) Google Scholar Whereas the opening remarks in Abbas and Pittet's correspondence are irrelevant to our work, we eagerly welcome an intellectual debate on the scientific merits of our research. In their correspondence, they claim that our "findings have no immediate implications".1Abbas M Pittet D Surfing the COVID-19 scientific wave.Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; (published online June 30.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30558-2Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (7) Google Scholar Nothing could be further from the truth. While we refer readers to the appendix (pp 1–5) for a detailed response to all issues raised, we here address two of Abbas and Pittet's more pertinent concerns. Abbas and Pittet contend that our work is flawed by a lack of generalisability because the published results involved only a single speaker.1Abbas M Pittet D Surfing the COVID-19 scientific wave.Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; (published online June 30.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30558-2Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (7) Google Scholar Their implication that the generation of speech droplets might be idiosyncratic discounts the well understood physics of speech droplet formation. Speech-generated acoustic waves involve high-speed passage of air, pressurised by the lungs, past the mucosal epithelial layers of the vibrating vocal folds.4Mittal R Erath BD Plesniak MW Fluid dynamics of human phonation and speech.Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2013; 45: 437-467Crossref Scopus (121) Google Scholar The sounds generated are further modulated by travel of this air through narrow passages between the tongue, lips, and teeth, dislodging oral fluid at all of these locations.4Mittal R Erath BD Plesniak MW Fluid dynamics of human phonation and speech.Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2013; 45: 437-467Crossref Scopus (121) Google Scholar Emission of droplets is inextricably linked to the physics of speech generation5Gralton J Tovey E McLaws ML Rawlinson WD The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review.J Infect. 2011; 62: 1-13Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (483) Google Scholar and unlikely to differ much from one individual to another. As shown in the appendix (p 6) and video in the supplementary materials, all speakers spit. Fortunately, when exiting the mouth, such droplets are still fairly large and easily blocked from entering the atmosphere by a generic cloth mask.2Anfinrud P Stadnytskyi V Bax CE Bax A Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets with laser light scattering.N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 2061-2063Crossref PubMed Scopus (297) Google Scholar Abbas and Pittet also raise the criticism that the size of the box used for observing the shrunken, dried-out nuclei of speech droplets was small, thereby limiting the physical distance such nuclei could travel. Indeed, our measurements only established that, even in a quiescent environment, droplet nuclei require many minutes to descend to the bottom of the box. The extent to which dehydrated speech droplets can travel before reaching the ground in real-life situations depends crucially on factors such as air convection and ventilation. Physics dictates that air movement will carry such particles over considerable distances, fully analogous to the dispersion of cigarette smoke throughout a room. The medical community has long acknowledged infection via speech-generated respiratory droplets, including droplet nuclei that might stay airborne for an extended time.5Gralton J Tovey E McLaws ML Rawlinson WD The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review.J Infect. 2011; 62: 1-13Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (483) Google Scholar The importance of symptomless transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (ie, in the absence of coughing or sneezing), whether retrospectively identified as asymptomatic, presymptomatic, or even oligosymptomatic, has also been well established,6Greenhalgh T Face coverings for the public: laying straw men to rest.J Eval Clin Pract. 2020; 26: 1070-1077Crossref PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar, 7Oran DP Topol EJ Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review.Ann Intern Med. 2020; 173: 362-367Crossref PubMed Scopus (1359) Google Scholar despite claims to the contrary by Abbas and Pittet. With high viral titres in the oral fluid of such carriers well documented and a substantial proportion of speech droplets of oral fluid now shown to remain airborne for many minutes, inhalation of such particles represents a direct route to the nasopharynx. Retrospective analyses of indoor superspreader events further support the role of speech droplets in airborne transmission.8Morawska L Milton DK It is time to address airborne transmission of COVID-19.Clin Infect Dis. 2020; (published online July 6.)https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa939Crossref PubMed Scopus (801) Google Scholar We declare no competing interests. Download .pdf (.45 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix eyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiI0ZDhiNzNkYzVmNzg4ZTdkZmI4NDk5MDRjZGViNDM4OSIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNzEzMDE5MzgzfQ.AYrhMgappvCirCL0mDd_2IBH7mdYrkwhaK4YhN79Yshw8mki4p04kIRDCUXywfKPCVK09ucSlXYFsT7LT3E29fbzkeToYrpQ0juJhumo631BjYglWjlEktVzNE_JroFrMSiNrNE7bzEyYHQFFI44JxEGv8kyAHPS_XLZ41NqXcfZDGIc9t8Surc1Qf9r6e1sIwUauPulKlQmbjfhBsfvb_F4OczFaaHQ8WEFiWhIwYQOEkjUPOfoZLuPqzBvllOTch98gnQA-aJeSH5oKPUyCU0MH_52eBHStSuCdMnjc0ZGphQB8grzPPdmfEJNWqsPMQStop5R0vnbqhxilhOauw Download .mp4 (2.35 MB) Help with .mp4 files Supplementary VideoEmission of droplets during speech generation visualised using green lightSpeech droplets emitted by four people, when speaking the phrase "spit happens" with the face positioned about 10–15 cm behind a thin sheet of intense green laser light. Flashes correspond to speech droplets crossing the light sheet.Youtube link: https://youtu.be/ooVjNth4ut8 Surfing the COVID-19 scientific waveSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of articles published in scientific journals has skyrocketed; unfortunately, the quality of many of these articles leaves much to be desired.1,2 We read with interest two publications from the same group3,4 whose objectives were to demonstrate that normal speech generates droplets that can be suppressed by covering the mouth of a speaker and aerosols that persist for several minutes. Briefly, the authors used fluorescent green light to illuminate particles emitted by a person's mouth when speaking normally in a confined black box and filmed the interior of the black box. Full-Text PDF