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Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai
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New Developments in the Casimir Effect

Stephen Butler et al.Jun 8, 2001
We provide a review of both new experimental and theoretical developments inthe Casimir effect. The Casimir effect results from the alteration by theboundaries of the zero-point electromagnetic energy. Unique to the Casimirforce is its strong dependence on shape, switching from attractive to repulsiveas function of the size, geometry and topology of the boundary. Thus theCasimir force is a direct manifestation of the boundary dependence of quantumvacuum. We discuss in depth the general structure of the infinities in the fieldtheory which are removed by a combination of zeta-functional regularization andheat kernel expansion. Different representations for the regularized vacuumenergy are given. The Casimir energies and forces in a number of configurationsof interest to applications are calculated. We stress the development of theCasimir force for real media including effects of nonzero temperature, finiteconductivity of the boundary metal and surface roughness. Also the combinedeffect of these important factors is investigated in detail on the basis ofcondensed matter physics and quantum field theory at nonzero temperature. The experiments on measuring the Casimir force are also reviewed, startingfirst with the older measurements and finishing with a detailed presentation ofmodern precision experiments. The latter are accurately compared with thetheoretical results for real media. At the end of the review we provide the most recent constraints on thecorrections to Newtonian gravitational law and other hypothetical long-rangeinteractions at submillimeter range obtained from the Casimir forcemeasurements.
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