This study aimed to investigate the effects of active dry yeast (ADY) on rumen microbial composition and slaughter performance of beef cattle. Thirty-two finishing beef cattle (simmental crossbred cattle ♂ × cattle-yaks ♀), with an average body weight of 110 ± 12.85 kg, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: the low plane of nutrition group (Control), low plane of nutrition group + ADY 2 g/head/d (ADY2), low plane of nutrition group + ADY 4 g/head/d (ADY4) and high plane of nutrition group (HPN). ADY supplementation increased average daily gain ( P<0.001), and the carcass weight of ADY4 group had no significant difference with HPN group ( P>0.05). The serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity in control and ADY4 group was higher than HPN group ( P=0.001). The neutral detergent fiber ( P=0.022) and acid detergent fiber ( P=0.043) digestibility in HPN group was greater than control, but no difference was obtained among ADY2, ADY4 and HPN group ( P >0.05). The rumen ammonium nitrogen content in control was greater than ADY2 and ADY4 group ( P =0.003), and no difference was obtained ADY2, ADY4 and HPN group ( P>0.05). The propionic acid content in the rumen in ADY2, ADY4, and HPN group were greater than control group ( P<0.001). The simpson ( P =0.014) and shannon ( P =0.045) indexes in control and HPN group were greater than ADY4 group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HPN group was higher than ADY4 group ( P =0.015). At the genus level, HPN and ADY4 were clustered together, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 in ADY4 group was higher than control and HPN group ( P=0.004). In conclusion, supplementation ADY 4 g/head/d shift the rumen microbial composition of beef cattle fed low plane of nutrition to a more similar level with cattle fed with HPN diet, produced comparable carcass weight with HPN diet.