Abstract Atherosclerosis is a lipid-triggered chronic inflammatory condition of our arteries and the main underlying pathology of myocardial infarction and stroke. Pathogenesis is age-dependent, but the mechanistic links between disease progression, age, and atherogenic cytokines and chemokines are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in atherogenic Apoe − / − mice across different stages of aging and cholesterol-rich high-fat diet (HFD). MIF promotes atherosclerosis by mediating atherogenic monocyte and T-cell recruitment, amplifying lesional inflammation, and suppressing atheroprotective B-cell responses. However, age-related links between atherogenesis and MIF and its role in advanced atherosclerosis in aged mice have not been systematically explored. We compared effects of global Mif -gene deficiency in 30-, 42-, and 48-week-old Apoe − / − mice on HFD for 24, 36, or 42 weeks, respectively, and in 52-week-old mice on a 6-week HFD. While a regio-specific atheroprotective phenotype of Mif- deficiency was observed in the 30/24-week-old group, atheroprotection was not detected in the 48/42- and 52/6-week-old groups, suggesting that atheroprotection afforded by global Mif -gene deletion differs across aging stages and atherogenic diet duration. We identify a combination of mechanisms that could explain this phenotype: i) Mif -deficiency promotes lesional Trem2 + macrophage numbers in younger but not aged mice; ii) Mif -deficiency favors formation of lymphocyte-rich stage-I/II ATLOs in younger mice but ATLO numbers equalize with those in Apoe − / − controls in the older mice; and iii) plasma anti-oxLDL-IgM antibody levels are decreased in aged Mif -deficient mice. Of note, these three markers (Trem2 + macrophages, ATLOs, anti-oxLDL-IgM antibodies) have been previously linked to atheroprotection. Together, our study thus suggests that regio-specific atheroprotection due to global Mif -gene deficiency in atherogenic Apoe − / − mice is lost upon advanced aging and identifies mechanisms that could explain this phenotype shift. These observations may have implications for translational MIF- directed strategies.