The hysteresis properties of ferromagnetic materials at low field aredescribed by the Rayleigh law. We analyze the problem in light of modernstatistical mechanics models of hysteresis. In particular, we compute thedemagnetization curve and derive the Rayleigh parameters a and b in therandom-field Ising model and in a model of domain wall depinning. In therandom-field Ising model the Rayleigh law is obeyed only in the disorderdominated phase, while in the low disorder phase it is not possible todemagnetize the sample. This approach allows us to link a and b tomicrostructural parameters, such as the domain wall energy, the internaldisorder or the exchange interactions. Finally, our results are compared withexperiments.