Rapid industrialization has led to rising levels of water pollution due to the release of escalating quantities of wastewater laden with organic pollutants. Advanced oxidation process is an emerging and effective technique for eliminating organic pollutants particularly when photocatalysts are used. Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) based photocatalysts could offer a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment by reducing the usage of hazardous and expensive chemicals. Herein, a detailed techno-economic investigation of MONPs-based photocatalysts for the photodegradation of organic pollutants was conducted. The work exhibited that green synthesis methods based on plants and microorganisms can be applied to successfully synthesise efficient, uniform, and stable MONP photocatalysts. This approach has the potential to contribute to the achievement of five United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: 3, 6, 12, 14, and 15. Moreover, the economic study on the photodegradation of malachite green dye using green synthesized ZnO photocatalysts from Eucalyptus leaf revealed the cost-effectiveness of the wastewater treatment with an estimated cost of US$ 7.34/m3 and a payback period of nearly 5 years and 9 months. Based on this study, the underlying gaps, challenges, and prospects of MONP-based photocatalysts for the removal of organic pollutants were raised. Overall, this review could provide new insights for further application of MONP-based photocatalysts in wastewater treatment.