Introduction
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder in which deficiency of the alpha-galactosidase A enzyme results in multi-system accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Multi-organ Gb3 accumulation leads to progressive renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular disease. Cardiac events are the primary cause of death. Incidence of FD is estimated between 1:40,000 and 1:100,000, though is likely underdiagnosed. The non-specific nature of symptoms and a lack of awareness of FD among clinicians can lead to considerable diagnostic delays. Treatments aim to delay disease progression, but their efficacy is reduced with advancing disease. As FD is inherited, family screening facilitates early identification of those harbouring pathogenic variants, allowing for ongoing disease monitoring and prompt treatment initiation. We implemented a family screening initiative with the aim of improving the coordination of family screening within the FD service at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB). Methods
A genomic associate (GenA) has been embedded with the FD service to support family screening. A retrospective audit of the FD cohort at UHB was carried out to assess the prior effectiveness of family screening and establish a baseline for comparison going forward. Newly diagnosed patients have their pedigree mapped after their first appointment. Pedigree mapping of known families is carried out over the phone or when a patient attends a follow- up clinic. The GenA identifies at-risk relatives and supports patients to discuss family screening with their relatives, identifying screening barriers in the process. Patient materials, including letters to pass to relatives, have been developed to support family screening. Results
We identified 123 families, of which 95 (77%) did not have a pedigree. 815 at-risk relatives were identified, with only 262 (37%) having come forward for family screening. This highlights a relatively low uptake of family screening. A lack of pedigree mapping likely contributed to the low uptake of family screening, as at-risk relatives are not easily identified. Patients reported several barriers to discussing family screening with relatives, including limited communication, uncertainty on how to bring up the topic, and worry about relatives' reactions. Effective genetic counselling can support patients to overcome these barriers. Newly or recently diagnosed patients appear more engaged with family screening and are more pro-active in informing relatives compared to patients who were diagnosed some time ago. Since the initiation of the project, pedigree mapping and discussion of family screening has resulted in 6 new diagnoses. None of the patients described any symptoms related to FD at the time of genetic testing. Additionally, 7 individuals tested negative, which has allowed for a further 6 to be reassured they are not at risk. Conclusions
Embedding a GenA into the FD clinic has improved the family screening service, resulting in new diagnoses before the onset of symptoms. Further work is needed to confirm results. Conflict of Interest
The Fabry family screening project at UHB is part of a collaborative working agreement with Amicus Therapeutics UK, which includes the provision of funding and project management