Lithium-ion batteries have become one of the mainstay industries worldwide especially for electric vehicles, but they always suffer from failures, including the accelerating degradation under unexpected conditions and even thermal runaway. As the great progress of vehicle-cloud-collaborated method, the prognosis and health management (PHM) delivers the great potential to prolong the lifespan and decrease the failures of lithium-ion batteries on electric vehicles. PHM provides an innovative perspective of managing strategy on the remaining useful reliability, different from conventional state monitoring methods. Herein, the general framework and research progress of battery PHM are summarized, and then introduce an innovative vehicle-cloud-collaborated PHM to solve the various problems and failures of batteries. Essential technics including the knowledge base, reliability evaluation and growth, multi-scale digital twin model, failure detection and early warning are reviewed according to recent progress. Further, the challenges and perspectives are also discussed according to the industrialized experiences, and desires to provide a detailed in-depth understanding of battery PHM for future research. The article hopes to deliver an innovative battery management strategy to improve battery performances in electric, thermal and safety, and help further promotion in diverse fields.