Addressing pervasive environmental challenges, sophisticated next-generation cement-based materials, engineered to fulfill comprehensive objectives including mechanical durability and functionality, are anticipated to be preeminent candidates for forthcoming pivotal engineering projects. A novel research paradigm, encompassing three distinct phases: deconstruction, re-construction, and upgrade-construction, has been rigorously developed and implemented in the synthesis of metamaterials featuring elaborate and sophisticated architectures derived from natural templates. This paradigm provides substantial theoretical and methodological guidance for the design and fabrication of advanced cement-based materials. Here, we articulate the groundbreaking concept of cement-based biomimetic metamaterials (CBMs), delineated by hierarchical multi-scale architectures and multiple excellent properties, and critically review the inspiration, fabrication strategies, property characteristics, and application prospects of representative CBMs, including biomimetic superhydrophobic cement, biomimetic high-toughness concrete, biomimetic cement aerogel, and biomimetic photothermal cement. The emergence and development of CBMs may radically upgrade the mechanical, functional and durable capabilities of contemporary civil engineering materials.