In this work, the effect of substrate bias on the properties of amorphous carbon (a-C) films, which are fabricated by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion irradiation on cemented carbide substrate is reported. The microstructure of a-C films is investigated with the aid of atom force microscope (AFM), Raman spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanical and tribological properties of a-C films are analyzed through the scratch and nanoindentation experiments, and the liner reciprocating ball-on-plate tests, respectively. The results indicate that, the average roughness of a-C films is proportional to the negative substrate bias, and the increase of negative substrate bias contributes to the formation of sp3 bond while the negative substrate biases exceed -30 V. The adhesion strength is excellent under low negative substrate biases, but the strongest adhesion strength is obtained when the substrate bias at -50 V. The average hardness decreases slightly at first and then increases to 16.2 GPa with the increment of negative substrate bias. Additionally, the influence of friction cycle to graphitization level is not obvious. Both transfer film (TF) and roughness of a-C film play significant roles in coefficient of friction (COF). This work sheds light on the fabrication of a-C films on cemented carbide by ECR ion irradiation.