Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (
D) flux are presented. The measurements are based on
21×106 D nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the
D flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the
p,
He3, and
He4 fluxes. Above 4.5 GV, the
D/He4 flux ratio is time independent and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law
∝RΔ with
ΔD/He4=−0.108±0.005. This is in contrast with the
He3/He4 flux ratio for which we find
ΔHe3/He4=−0.289±0.003. Above
∼13 GV we find a nearly identical rigidity dependence of the
D and
p fluxes with a
D/p flux ratio of
0.027±0.001. These unexpected observations indicate that cosmic deuterons have a sizable primarylike component. With a method independent of cosmic ray propagation, we obtain the primary component of the
D flux equal to
9.4±0.5% of the
He4 flux and the secondary component of the
D flux equal to
58±5% of the
He3 flux. Published by the American Physical Society 2024