EFSA JournalVolume 17, Issue 12 e05838 Scientific OpinionOpen Access Update of the risk assessment of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Corresponding Author EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) fip@efsa.europa.eu Correspondence: fip@efsa.europa.euSearch for more papers by this authorVittorio Silano, Vittorio SilanoSearch for more papers by this authorJosé Manuel Barat Baviera, José Manuel Barat BavieraSearch for more papers by this authorClaudia Bolognesi, Claudia BolognesiSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew Chesson, Andrew ChessonSearch for more papers by this authorPier Sandro Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro CocconcelliSearch for more papers by this authorRiccardo Crebelli, Riccardo CrebelliSearch for more papers by this authorDavid Michael Gott, David Michael GottSearch for more papers by this authorKonrad Grob, Konrad GrobSearch for more papers by this authorEvgenia Lampi, Evgenia LampiSearch for more papers by this authorAlicja Mortensen, Alicja MortensenSearch for more papers by this authorGilles Rivière, Gilles RivièreSearch for more papers by this authorInger-Lise Steffensen, Inger-Lise SteffensenSearch for more papers by this authorChristina Tlustos, Christina TlustosSearch for more papers by this authorHenk Van Loveren, Henk Van LoverenSearch for more papers by this authorLaurence Vernis, Laurence VernisSearch for more papers by this authorHolger Zorn, Holger ZornSearch for more papers by this authorJean-Pierre Cravedi, Jean-Pierre CravediSearch for more papers by this authorCristina Fortes, Cristina FortesSearch for more papers by this authorMaria de Fatima Tavares Poças, Maria de Fatima Tavares PoçasSearch for more papers by this authorIne Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine Waalkens-BerendsenSearch for more papers by this authorDetlef Wölfle, Detlef WölfleSearch for more papers by this authorDavide Arcella, Davide ArcellaSearch for more papers by this authorClaudia Cascio, Claudia CascioSearch for more papers by this authorAnna F Castoldi, Anna F CastoldiSearch for more papers by this authorKatharina Volk, Katharina VolkSearch for more papers by this authorLaurence Castle, Laurence CastleSearch for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Corresponding Author EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) fip@efsa.europa.eu Correspondence: fip@efsa.europa.euSearch for more papers by this authorVittorio Silano, Vittorio SilanoSearch for more papers by this authorJosé Manuel Barat Baviera, José Manuel Barat BavieraSearch for more papers by this authorClaudia Bolognesi, Claudia BolognesiSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew Chesson, Andrew ChessonSearch for more papers by this authorPier Sandro Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro CocconcelliSearch for more papers by this authorRiccardo Crebelli, Riccardo CrebelliSearch for more papers by this authorDavid Michael Gott, David Michael GottSearch for more papers by this authorKonrad Grob, Konrad GrobSearch for more papers by this authorEvgenia Lampi, Evgenia LampiSearch for more papers by this authorAlicja Mortensen, Alicja MortensenSearch for more papers by this authorGilles Rivière, Gilles RivièreSearch for more papers by this authorInger-Lise Steffensen, Inger-Lise SteffensenSearch for more papers by this authorChristina Tlustos, Christina TlustosSearch for more papers by this authorHenk Van Loveren, Henk Van LoverenSearch for more papers by this authorLaurence Vernis, Laurence VernisSearch for more papers by this authorHolger Zorn, Holger ZornSearch for more papers by this authorJean-Pierre Cravedi, Jean-Pierre CravediSearch for more papers by this authorCristina Fortes, Cristina FortesSearch for more papers by this authorMaria de Fatima Tavares Poças, Maria de Fatima Tavares PoçasSearch for more papers by this authorIne Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine Waalkens-BerendsenSearch for more papers by this authorDetlef Wölfle, Detlef WölfleSearch for more papers by this authorDavide Arcella, Davide ArcellaSearch for more papers by this authorClaudia Cascio, Claudia CascioSearch for more papers by this authorAnna F Castoldi, Anna F CastoldiSearch for more papers by this authorKatharina Volk, Katharina VolkSearch for more papers by this authorLaurence Castle, Laurence CastleSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 December 2019 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5838Citations: 6 Requestor: European Commission Question numbers: EFSA-Q-2017-00588/-00589/-00590, EFSA-Q-2018-00800/-00801 Panel members: José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Andrew Chesson, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Rivière, Vittorio Silano, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis and Holger Zorn. Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Mark Blainey and Maarten Roggeman, who participated to the Working Group on Phthalates as hearing experts, representing the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). The Panel also wishes to thank the former (until June 2019) CEP Panel member Beat Johannes Brüschweiler and the trainees Julia Cara-Carmona and Foteini Pantazi for their input on this scientific output. Adopted: 18 September 2019 This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1747/full AboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) was asked by the European Commission to update its 2005 risk assessments of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP), which are authorised for use in plastic food contact material (FCM). Dietary exposure estimates (mean and high (P95)) were obtained by combining literature occurrence data with consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive Database. The highest exposure was found for DINP, ranging from 0.2 to 4.3 and from 0.4 to 7.0 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for mean and high consumers, respectively. There was not enough information to draw conclusions on how much migration from plastic FCM contributes to dietary exposure to phthalates. The review of the toxicological data focused mainly on reproductive effects. The CEP Panel derived the same critical effects and individual tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) (mg/kg bw per day) as in 2005 for all the phthalates, i.e. reproductive effects for DBP (0.01), BBP (0.5), DEHP (0.05), and liver effects for DINP and DIDP (0.15 each). Based on a plausible common mechanism (i.e. reduction in fetal testosterone) underlying the reproductive effects of DEHP, DBP and BBP, the Panel considered it appropriate to establish a group-TDI for these phthalates, taking DEHP as index compound as a basis for introducing relative potency factors. The Panel noted that DINP also affected fetal testosterone levels at doses around threefold higher than liver effects and therefore considered it conservative to include it within the group-TDI which was established to be 50 μg/kg bw per day, expressed as DEHP equivalents. The aggregated dietary exposure for DBP, BBP, DEHP and DINP was estimated to be 0.9–7.2 and 1.6–11.7 μg/kg bw per day for mean and high consumers, respectively, thus contributing up to 23% of the group-TDI in the worst-case scenario. For DIDP, not included in the group-TDI, dietary exposure was estimated to be always below 0.1 μg/kg bw per day and therefore far below the TDI of 150 μg/kg bw per day. This assessment covers European consumers of any age, including the most sensitive groups. Based on the limited scope of the mandate and the uncertainties identified, the Panel considered that the current assessment of the five phthalates, individually and collectively, should be on a temporary basis. Summary The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in accordance with Article 12(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004, to update its opinions published in 2005 on certain phthalates (di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP)) authorised for use as plasticisers and technical support agents in plastic food contact materials (FCM), and to evaluate whether the authorisation under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 is still in accordance with the FCM Regulation. In a first mandate (July 2017), EFSA was requested to update its assessments of DBP, BBP and DEHP based on the dataset used by European Chemicals Agency's Risk assessment committee (ECHA RAC) for its opinion of 2017 (DBP, BBP, DEHP, di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP)). In an updated mandate (May 2018, corrected in May 2019), EFSA was then requested to also include DINP and DIDP into the updated risk assessment by considering also the recent ECHA RAC opinion for DINP (2018). According to the Terms of Reference (ToR), the EFSA evaluation should aim at assessing the contribution of the exposure from plastic FCM to the individual tolerable daily intake (TDI) for each of these authorised phthalates, and pronounce itself on the potential health risks resulting from the combined exposure of consumers to these phthalates from plastic FCM. In compliance with what requested by the European Commission mandate, the EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) used the information that was available to the ECHA RAC for its evaluation of DBP, BBP and DEHP (ECHA, 2017a) in the context of its assessment of the restriction proposal submitted under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation proposing restrictions on these phthalates that are identified as Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) due to their reproductive toxicity (Cat. 1B). In addition, recent exposure and toxicity data on DINP and DIDP (not identified as SVHCs and not classified as Reprotoxicants 1B), focusing on reproductive effects as these were the basis on which ECHA established a Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) for DEHP, DBP and BBP, were considered. Consequently, the CEP Panel's assessment is mainly centred on phthalate-induced reproductive effects. With regard to the data used for assessing the reproductive effects of DINP and DIDP, the ECHA assessment of DINP and DIDP (ECHA, 2013) as well as the more recent opinion on harmonised classification of DINP (ECHA, 2018) were considered. The CEP Panel is fully aware of the intrinsic limitations of this approach and considers that all the potential toxicological endpoints should be examined with the same degree of rigour. However, due to the limited time for the completion of the opinion and the amount of new evidence available since the 2005 publication of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) assessments of DBP, BBP, DEHP, DINP and DIDP, the Panel considered it unfeasible to perform a comprehensive review of all the new data on these phthalates. For this reason, the CEP Panel decided to: undertake the review of the toxicological data used by ECHA on DBP, BBP and DEHP mainly dealing with reproductive toxicity; additionally review the toxicological data for reproductive effects of DINP and DIDP (published after EFSA's previous assessment of phthalates in 2005); analyse the possibility of setting a group health-based guidance value for these substances; refine the assessment of dietary consumer exposure to these substances which are all authorised for use in plastic FCM; carry out a risk characterisation on this basis. The Panel highlights that other possible effects (as pointed out by the 2017 ECHA RAC assessment) e.g. on the immune and metabolic systems and/or on neurodevelopment, have not been sufficiently investigated and this is taken into account in the uncertainty analysis and in the recommendations of this opinion. Exposure assessment Data on the levels of phthalates in food were extracted from the EFSA Chemical Occurrence database (EFSA database). After data cleaning and validation, there were a total of 1,776 results for the five phthalates of interest, submitted by institutions from five different EU countries. Reported limits of quantification (LOQs) were relatively high, most likely because the analytical methods used were to enforce legislative limits rather than to achieve high sensitivity. The reported samples were 100% left censored for DIDP and above 95% for DBP, BBP and DINP. For DEHP, the quantified results were still only about 20% of the total, with 24 out of 49 food categories still fully left-censored. Considering these significant limitations, it was decided to gather occurrence data on phthalates in food from the literature to perform an alternative assessment of dietary exposure. Papers referenced in the ECHA opinion (2017a) on DBP, BBP, DEHP and DIBP were considered and complemented with additional literature on DINP and DIDP and on specific foods not covered in the literature from ECHA. In most of the studies, only summary statistics were presented for aggregated food groups. Not all papers reported the specific LOQs associated with each of the food categories. Therefore, all the categories reported as left-censored were substituted by 0 (lower bound (LB) approach). In order to match the occurrence data gathered from literature with the consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive Database, a FoodEx code was assigned to each food descriptor reported in the studies. When more than one chemical occurrence value was available from different studies for the same FoodEx code, the highest mean/median value was used in the assessment of exposure. The resulting estimates of dietary exposure (ranges of the min–max estimates for all ages, all surveys and all countries) were as follows: DBP mean of (0.042–0.769) and P95 of (0.099–1.503), μg/kg body weight (bw) per day BBP mean of (0.009–0.207) and P95 of (0.021–0.442), μg/kg bw per day DEHP mean of (0.446–3.459) and P95 of (0.902–6.148), μg/kg bw per day DINP mean of (0.232–4.270) and P95 of (0.446–7.071), μg/kg bw per day DIDP mean of (0.001–0.057) and P95 of (0.008–0.095), μg/kg bw per day The Panel considers that these estimates of dietary exposure for the individual phthalates are fit for purpose and are quite well aligned with the published estimates that used different approaches (Total Diet Studies (TDS) for the UK, Ireland and France) and are consistent with the estimates for the individual phthalates reported by ECHA. Hazard characterisation The review of the literature focused mainly on the reproductive effects of DBP, BBP, DEHP, DINP and DIDP. The critical effects of each of the phthalates were selected and the TDIs were calculated as follows: For DBP, a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) of 2 mg DBP/kg bw per day for reduced spermatocyte development and effects on the mammary gland was identified from a developmental toxicity study in rats. The CEP Panel applies to this Point of Departure (PoD) an uncertainty factor of 2001 (an extra factor of 2 because of the use of the LOAEL instead of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)) for deriving a health-based guidance value (HBGV). For BBP, a NOAEL of 50 mg BBP/kg bw per day was identified from a multigeneration study in rats, based on reduced anogenital distance (AGD) in F1 and F2 males at birth in the 250 mg BBP/kg bw per day group. The CEP Panel applies to this PoD an uncertainty factor of 100 for deriving a HBGV. For DEHP, a NOAEL of 4.8 mg DEHP/kg bw per day based on effects on the testis in F1 animals was identified from a three-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats. The CEP Panel applies to this PoD an uncertainty factor of 100 for deriving a HBGV. Overall, the CEP Panel did not identify any study reviewed by ECHA (2017a,b) which could give rise to LOAELs or NOAELs lower than those previously identified by EFSA (2005a,b,c). For DINP and DIDP, EFSA set individual TDIs in its evaluations of 2005 based on liver effects: – For DINP, a NOAEL of 15 mg DINP/kg bw per day for non-peroxisomal proliferation-related chronic hepatic and renal effects in rats was identified. An uncertainty factor of 100 was applied for deriving the TDI of 0.15 mg/kg bw per day for DINP. – For DIDP, a NOAEL of 15 mg DIDP/kg bw per day for liver effects in dogs was identified. An uncertainty factor of 100 was applied for deriving the TDI of 0.15 mg/kg bw per day for DIDP. The CEP Panel considers that the effect on the liver is still the most sensitive endpoint for these two phthalates. However, the possibility to establish HBGVs for reproductive effects for DINP and DIDP was explored, in order to evaluate whether a grouping (based on reproductive effects) with the other three phthalates was appropriate. With regard to the grouping of these phthalates due to similar reproductive effects, the CEP Panel considered the reduction of the fetal testosterone production during a window of susceptibility in rats induced by DBP, BBP and DEHP as a critical step in the reproductive toxicity of the phthalates. This effect provided the basis for grouping together these phthalates, there being a mechanistic rationale for the plausibility and validity of grouping. Regarding DINP and DIDP, the Panel concluded that DINP induced a transient decrease of fetal testosterone production, whereas DIDP showed reproductive effects by a mechanism not involving reduction in fetal testosterone. Therefore, the CEP Panel decided to group DBP, BBP, DEHP and DINP into a group-TDI on the basis of similar reproductive effects, i.e. reduction of fetal testosterone (of transient nature for DINP). Nonetheless, the most sensitive endpoint for DINP was still considered to be liver effects. In consequence, the HBGV for reproductive effects of DINP was adjusted by means of an additional assessment factor of 3.3 to account for the differences in potency between the effects on liver and reproduction. DEHP was identified as index compound, since it has the most robust underlying toxicological dataset. Consequently, the group-TDI was established to be 0.05 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as DEHP equivalents, and the relative potency factors (RPFs) for the other phthalates were calculated by comparing the respective HBGVs. The RPFs are 1 for DEHP, 5 for DBP, 0.1 for BBP and 0.3 for DINP when including the additional assessment factor of 3.3. DIDP maintains its individual TDI for liver effects of 0.15 mg/kg bw per day. The Panel decided to set the TDIs on a temporary basis due to the uncertainties outlined further below. Risk characterisation Having decided to group DBP, BBP, DEHP and DINP into a common assessment group and to allocate potency factors relative to DEHP as the reference substance to derive a group-TDI, an aggregated dietary exposure assessment to these phthalates was carried out by including the RPFs for each phthalate. The following equation was applied at the level of chemical occurrence (concentration) data for each food category: GroupPhthalates concentration expressed as DEHP equivalents ([GPDEq], μg/kg food) = DEHP*1 + DBP*5 + BBP*0.1 + DINP*0.3. The highest estimated exposure for GroupPhthalates was in the range of 0.9–7.2 for the mean consumer and 1.6–11.7 μg/kg bw per day for the high (P95) consumers. Comparing the GroupPhthalates exposure estimates for the mean consumer with the group-TDI of 50 μg/kg bw per day (expressed as DEHP equivalents), it can be concluded that dietary exposure contributes for 1.8–14% of the group-TDI. As regards the high (P95) consumers, it can be concluded that dietary exposure amounts for 3–23% of the group-TDI of 50 μg/kg bw per day (expressed as DEHP equivalents). These conclusions cover all European population groups (all countries, all surveys, all age groups), including children and women of child-bearing age. As regards DIDP, not being included in the group-TDI, a separate risk analysis was conducted. According to the dietary exposure estimates, covering all population groups (all countries, all surveys, all age groups), the mean exposure level was 0.001–0.057 μg/kg bw per day, and the P95 exposure level was 0.008–0.095 μg/kg bw per day. These estimates are far below the TDI for DIDP of 150 μg/kg bw per day, which is based on liver effects. Contribution from plastic FCM The above estimates concern exposure from food containing phthalates from all sources (e.g. FCM, environment etc.). The Panel addressed the question of the contribution of the exposure from specifically plastic FCM to the group-TDI for these authorised phthalates. Clearly, the contribution of plastic FCM, or even FCM more generally, cannot exceed the total estimates from food, being 3–23% of the group-TDI for the high consumers. The CEP Panel examined several papers with the aim to derive the contribution from plastic FCM. However, it noted that there is not enough information available to make firm conclusions on the contribution from plastic FCM. Uncertainties A qualitative approach was chosen for the uncertainty analysis. In addition to several other sources of uncertainty, for the hazard identification and characterisation, the main impacts on risk assessment were attributed to the following issues: − Due to the limited time for the completion of the evaluation and the large amount of new evidence available since the EFSA AFC Panel's assessments of DBP, BBP, DEHP, DINP and DIDP in 2005, the CEP Panel considered it unfeasible to perform a comprehensive review of all the new data on these phthalates. In agreement with ECHA's assessment of 2017, the Panel concluded that effects not sufficiently investigated in this opinion, in particular potential effects on neurodevelopment, the immune and/or the metabolic systems for DBP, BBP and DEHP, could be more sensitive endpoints compared to their reproductive toxicity. The possibility of endpoints more sensitive than liver toxicity may also be true for DINP and DIDP. − In addition, the CEP Panel is aware that other phthalates than those under evaluation in this opinion, such as DIBP, may have reproductive (and potentially other relevant) effects. DIBP is not authorised for use in plastic FCM, and therefore not within the scope of this assessment. However, noting the similar (i) potency with regard to reproductive effects and (ii) intake estimates compared to DBP (as outlined in the ECHA RAC assessment of 2017), the CEP Panel considers that DIBP substantially adds to the overall exposure and risk of consumers to phthalates, from food and from other sources. Based on the limited scope of the mandate and the uncertainties identified, the Panel considered that the current assessment of the five phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP, DINP and DIDP), individually and collectively, should be on a temporary basis to address the current mandate and thus set t-TDIs. 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the European Commission "The Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) published in March 2017 an opinion on DBP, BBP, DEHP and DIBP in the context of a restriction dossier under Annex XV of the REACH Regulation. This opinion is expected to lead to a proposal for an amendment of Annex XVII to REACH. In 2005, EFSA published opinions on three of these phthalate esters (di-butylphthalate (DBP, FCM No 157), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP, FCM No 159), and Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP, FCM No 283), which have since been authorised for use as plasticisers and technical support agents in plastic Food Contact Materials (FCM). In its 2017 evaluation, the ECHA RAC made use of scientific information which was largely available only after the 2005 EFSA assessments of these phthalates. This new information should therefore be considered to determine whether the 2005 EFSA opinions on these three phthalate esters in the context of food contact materials are still valid. Therefore, on the basis of Article 12(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 ('the FCM Regulation'), the Commission hereby requests EFSA to evaluate whether the opinion and the authorisation under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 are still in accordance with the FCM Regulation. When on the basis of the new scientific information the CEF Panel concludes in its opinion that this is not the case, the conditions under which the use of these three substances can be considered safe shall be characterised in order to allow the Commission to update its risk management Decision accordingly. This review of the 2005 EFSA opinions for these phthalates should be conducted on the basis of the data package used by the Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) to establish the opinion it published in March 2017. To this end, EFSA should use all the information available to ECHA which was submitted in support of the restriction dossier and was used by the RAC in its assessment of these phthalates, including the information on exposure. We would be grateful if EFSA would deliver the updated opinions by November 2018. However, given these substances are SVHC and authorised at a relatively high use in some FCM, the EFSA should notify the Commission without delay if during the assessment the Panel identifies significant health risks, to allow the Commission to consider a potential temporary measure to address these risks. Terms of Reference In accordance with Article 12(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1935/20042, the European Commission asks EFSA to update its 2005 opinions on the safety assessment of di-butylphthalate (DBP, FCM No 157), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP, FCM No 159), Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP, FCM No 283), which have been authorised for use as plasticisers and technical support agents in plastic Food Contact Materials (FCM). In doing so, the CEF Panel3 should use all the information available to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) on DBP, BBP and DEHP in the context of the dossier under Annex XV of the REACH Regulation4 proposing restrictions on these three phthalates. Using the ECHA RAC exposure assessment, the updated opinions should seek to assess the contribution of FCM to the individual TDI for each of these three phthalates, and pronounce themselves on the potential health risks resulting from the exposure of consumers to these three phthalates from food contact materials. Given these substances are to be added to the REACH list of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC), and authorised at a relatively high use in some FCM, EFSA should notify the Commission without delay if during the assessment the Panel identifies significant health risks, to allow the Commission to consider a potential temporary measure to address these risks." To address this mandate, the EFSA CEF Panel set up an ad hoc Working Group (WG) on phthalates. During their first meeting, the WG members noted that the three phthalates mentioned in the mandate (especially DEHP) are being replaced by other phthalates such as DINP, which are also authorised for use in plastic FCM according to Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. This may have a considerable impact on the current exposure pattern of the general population as well as on the assessment of the combined exposure to several phthalates that might have similar toxicological properties. These observations were formally expressed in the minutes of the first WG meeting5 and as a result, the EC sent EFSA an updated mandate. Concomitantly, the deadline for the delivery of the opinion was extended to December 2018. This mandate was updated in May 2019 in order to correctly reflect the status of the five phthalates with respect to their (non-)SVHC-classification and to clarify that the ECHA RAC 2018 opinion on DINP was one source of information for this EFSA assessment. The deadline for adopting the opinion was then postponed to September 2019, in order to address the comments received during the public consultation. The Terms of Reference (ToR) of the latest mandate are reported below. Terms of Reference as provided in the updated mandate "In accordance with Article 12(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004,2 the European Commission asks EFSA to update its 2005 opinions on the safety assessment of di-butylphthalate (DBP, FCM No 157), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP, FCM No 159), and Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP, FCM No 283), which have been authorised for use as plasticisers and technical support agents in plastic Food Contact Materials (FCM). In addition, in elaborating its views, the EFSA should also consider recent exposure and toxicity data on two other phthalates authorised for use in plastic FCM, namely DINP and DIDP, focusing on reproductive effects as these were the basis on which ECHA established a Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) for DEHP, DBP and BBP. In doing so, the EFSA should make use of t