The $f$ sum rule is derived in a non-relativistic frame and connected, viaWard Identities, to the low energy Thomson scattering. A generalisation toisospin symmetry in the nuclear case is discussed and linked to the MesonExchange Currents. The extension to a fully relativistic theory is thendiscussed and it is shown that the energy-weighted sum rule becomes a relationbetween the particle-hole and particle-antiparticle emission. Moreover thegeneralisation to isospin symmetry is also allowed and providesnon-perturbative results.