Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) have several common risk factors, and 10-15% of patients with AF undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Little is known about the changes over time in modifiable risk factors for AF and CAD and self-reported health when comparing patients with and without history of AF after PCI. Purpose To determine and compare changes in modifiable risk factors and self-reported health in patients with and without history of AF after PCI, from the index admission to 2-, 6- and 12 months after hospital discharge. Methods CONCARDPCI, a prospective multicentre cohort study including 3417 consecutive patients after PCI, was conducted at seven high-volume PCI centres in Norway and Denmark. Of these, 408 patients had a history of AF. Socio-demographic characteristics were self-reported at baseline. Medical history (medical and cardiovascular comorbidities), and clinical status (body weight and height) were collected from patients’ medical records and national registries at baseline. Information about the patients’ comorbidities was used to identify modifiable risk factors for AF and CAD in this study population. Smoking status and physical activity were self-reported at baseline and the 2-, 6- and 12-month follow-up. Self-reported health was assessed with RAND-12 Item Short Form Health Survey and the Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Results Eighty one percent of the patients with history of AF were men, and the mean age was 72 (SD 9, range 43-93). In patients without AF, 78% were men and the mean age was 65 (SD 11, range 20-96). In patients with history of AF, the proportion of smokers increased from 2- to 12 months (p=0.041). In patients without AF, there was a reduction in proportion of smokers from baseline to six months (p<0.001). No significant differences between the patients with history of AF and without AF regarding changes in physical activity over time were found (p=0.452). Most patients in both groups did not adhere to the guideline recommended 150 minutes of physical activity per week. Patients with a history of AF reported a poorer general physical health at baseline. However, the general physical (p=0.012) and mental (p<0.001) health improved from baseline to the six-month follow-up in both groups. For MIDAS, the patients with AF reported a poorer health regarding emotional reactions (p=0.029) and insecurity (p=0.015) from two- to twelve-month follow-up. Conclusion Lifestyle interventions might be beneficial to further improve self-reported health, as well as modifiable risk factors, among patients with and without history of AF after PCI. Considering the complex treatment of patients with AF after PCI, more attention is needed to improve the follow-up care regarding modifiable risk factors for this patient population.