Biological ReviewsVolume 92, Issue 1 p. 572-607 Original Article Conservation status of freshwater mussels in Europe: state of the art and future challenges Manuel Lopes-Lima, Corresponding Author Manuel Lopes-Lima lopeslima.ciimar@gmail.com Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, c/o 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL U.K.These authors made equal contributions to this work.Address for correspondence (Tel: +351 223401800; E-mail: lopeslima.ciimar@gmail.com).Search for more papers by this authorRonaldo Sousa, Ronaldo Sousa Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CMBA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalThese authors made equal contributions to this work.Search for more papers by this authorJuergen Geist, Juergen Geist Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Mühlenweg 22, 85350 Freising, GermanyThese authors made equal contributions to this work.Search for more papers by this authorDavid C. Aldridge, David C. Aldridge Aquatic Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorRafael Araujo, Rafael Araujo Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJakob Bergengren, Jakob Bergengren Water Unit, County Administration Board Jönköping, SE-551 86 Jönköping, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorYulia Bespalaya, Yulia Bespalaya Institute of Ecological Problems of the North of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 163000 Arkhangelsk, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorErika Bódis, Erika Bódis MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Jávorka S. u. 14, 2131 Göd, HungarySearch for more papers by this authorLyubov Burlakova, Lyubov Burlakova Great Lakes Center, Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY, 14222 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorDirk Van Damme, Dirk Van Damme Research Unit Palaeontology, Geological Institute, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 (S8-B), B-9000 Gent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorKarel Douda, Karel Douda Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, CZ 165 Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorElsa Froufe, Elsa Froufe Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorDilian Georgiev, Dilian Georgiev Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen Str. 24, BG-4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaSearch for more papers by this authorClemens Gumpinger, Clemens Gumpinger Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering (Technisches Büro für Gewässerökologie) – Blattfisch, Gabelsbergerstraße 7, 4600 Wels, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorAlexander Karatayev, Alexander Karatayev Great Lakes Center, Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY, 14222 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorÜmit Kebapçi, Ümit Kebapçi Biology Department of Art and Science Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorIan Killeen, Ian Killeen 123, Rathdown Park, Greystones, County Wicklow, IrelandSearch for more papers by this authorJasna Lajtner, Jasna Lajtner Department of Zoology, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaSearch for more papers by this authorBjørn M. Larsen, Bjørn M. Larsen Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorRosaria Lauceri, Rosaria Lauceri CNR ISE – Institute of Ecosystem Study, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAnastasios Legakis, Anastasios Legakis Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorSabela Lois, Sabela Lois Departamento de Zooloxía e A.F., Fac. Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Lundberg, Stefan Lundberg Swedish museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorEvelyn Moorkens, Evelyn Moorkens 123, Rathdown Park, Greystones, County Wicklow, IrelandSearch for more papers by this authorGregory Motte, Gregory Motte CRNFB - Centre de Recherche de la Nature, des Forêts et du Bois, Gembloux, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorKarl-Otto Nagel, Karl-Otto Nagel Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Abteilung Marine Zoologie/Sektion Malakologie, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorPaz Ondina, Paz Ondina Departamento de Zooloxía e A.F., Fac. Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAdolfo Outeiro, Adolfo Outeiro Departamento de Zooloxía e A.F., Fac. Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorMomir Paunovic, Momir Paunovic Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorVincent Prié, Vincent Prié Equipe ‘Exploration de la Biodiversité’, USM 603/UMR 7138 ‘Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution’, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case Postale 51, 55, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France iotope, 22 Bd Maréchal Foch, 34 140 Mèze, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorTed von Proschwitz, Ted von Proschwitz Göteborg Natural History Museum, Invetebrate Zoology, Box 7283, 402 35 Göteborg, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorNicoletta Riccardi, Nicoletta Riccardi CNR ISE – Institute of Ecosystem Study, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMudīte Rudzīte, Mudīte Rudzīte Museum of Zoology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda Bulv. 4, Rīga, LV-1586 LatviaSearch for more papers by this authorMāris Rudzītis, Māris Rudzītis Museum of Geology, University of Latvia, Alberta 10, Rīga, LV-1010 LatviaSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Scheder, Christian Scheder Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering (Technisches Büro für Gewässerökologie) – Blattfisch, Gabelsbergerstraße 7, 4600 Wels, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorMary Seddon, Mary Seddon IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, c/o 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL U.K.Search for more papers by this authorHülya Şereflişan, Hülya Şereflişan Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Mustafa Kemal University, 31200 İskenderun, Hatay, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorVladica Simić, Vladica Simić Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorSvetlana Sokolova, Svetlana Sokolova Institute of Ecological Problems of the North of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 163000 Arkhangelsk, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorKatharina Stoeckl, Katharina Stoeckl Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Mühlenweg 22, 85350 Freising, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJouni Taskinen, Jouni Taskinen Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35 (YAC-315.2), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorAmílcar Teixeira, Amílcar Teixeira CIMO - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorFrankie Thielen, Frankie Thielen Natur & Ëmwelt/Fondation Hëllef fir d'Natur, Kierchestrooss 2, L-9753 Heinerscheid, LuxembourgSearch for more papers by this authorTeodora Trichkova, Teodora Trichkova Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia, 1113 BulgariaSearch for more papers by this authorSimone Varandas, Simone Varandas CITAB - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Forestry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-811 Vila Real, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorHeinrich Vicentini, Heinrich Vicentini Gewässerökologie Wasserschöpfi, 48 8055 Zurich, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorKatarzyna Zajac, Katarzyna Zajac Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Kraków, Mickiewicza, 33 PolandSearch for more papers by this authorTadeusz Zajac, Tadeusz Zajac Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Kraków, Mickiewicza, 33 PolandSearch for more papers by this authorStamatis Zogaris, Stamatis Zogaris Hellenic Centre For Marine Research - Institute of Marine Biological Sciences and Inland Waters, 46, 7 km Athens-Sounio, Anavissos, Attiki, GreeceSearch for more papers by this author Manuel Lopes-Lima, Corresponding Author Manuel Lopes-Lima lopeslima.ciimar@gmail.com Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, c/o 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL U.K.These authors made equal contributions to this work.Address for correspondence (Tel: +351 223401800; E-mail: lopeslima.ciimar@gmail.com).Search for more papers by this authorRonaldo Sousa, Ronaldo Sousa Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CMBA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalThese authors made equal contributions to this work.Search for more papers by this authorJuergen Geist, Juergen Geist Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Mühlenweg 22, 85350 Freising, GermanyThese authors made equal contributions to this work.Search for more papers by this authorDavid C. Aldridge, David C. Aldridge Aquatic Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorRafael Araujo, Rafael Araujo Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJakob Bergengren, Jakob Bergengren Water Unit, County Administration Board Jönköping, SE-551 86 Jönköping, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorYulia Bespalaya, Yulia Bespalaya Institute of Ecological Problems of the North of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 163000 Arkhangelsk, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorErika Bódis, Erika Bódis MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Jávorka S. u. 14, 2131 Göd, HungarySearch for more papers by this authorLyubov Burlakova, Lyubov Burlakova Great Lakes Center, Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY, 14222 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorDirk Van Damme, Dirk Van Damme Research Unit Palaeontology, Geological Institute, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 (S8-B), B-9000 Gent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorKarel Douda, Karel Douda Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, CZ 165 Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorElsa Froufe, Elsa Froufe Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorDilian Georgiev, Dilian Georgiev Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen Str. 24, BG-4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaSearch for more papers by this authorClemens Gumpinger, Clemens Gumpinger Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering (Technisches Büro für Gewässerökologie) – Blattfisch, Gabelsbergerstraße 7, 4600 Wels, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorAlexander Karatayev, Alexander Karatayev Great Lakes Center, Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY, 14222 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorÜmit Kebapçi, Ümit Kebapçi Biology Department of Art and Science Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorIan Killeen, Ian Killeen 123, Rathdown Park, Greystones, County Wicklow, IrelandSearch for more papers by this authorJasna Lajtner, Jasna Lajtner Department of Zoology, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaSearch for more papers by this authorBjørn M. Larsen, Bjørn M. Larsen Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorRosaria Lauceri, Rosaria Lauceri CNR ISE – Institute of Ecosystem Study, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAnastasios Legakis, Anastasios Legakis Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorSabela Lois, Sabela Lois Departamento de Zooloxía e A.F., Fac. Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorStefan Lundberg, Stefan Lundberg Swedish museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorEvelyn Moorkens, Evelyn Moorkens 123, Rathdown Park, Greystones, County Wicklow, IrelandSearch for more papers by this authorGregory Motte, Gregory Motte CRNFB - Centre de Recherche de la Nature, des Forêts et du Bois, Gembloux, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorKarl-Otto Nagel, Karl-Otto Nagel Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Abteilung Marine Zoologie/Sektion Malakologie, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorPaz Ondina, Paz Ondina Departamento de Zooloxía e A.F., Fac. Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAdolfo Outeiro, Adolfo Outeiro Departamento de Zooloxía e A.F., Fac. Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorMomir Paunovic, Momir Paunovic Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorVincent Prié, Vincent Prié Equipe ‘Exploration de la Biodiversité’, USM 603/UMR 7138 ‘Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution’, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case Postale 51, 55, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France iotope, 22 Bd Maréchal Foch, 34 140 Mèze, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorTed von Proschwitz, Ted von Proschwitz Göteborg Natural History Museum, Invetebrate Zoology, Box 7283, 402 35 Göteborg, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorNicoletta Riccardi, Nicoletta Riccardi CNR ISE – Institute of Ecosystem Study, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMudīte Rudzīte, Mudīte Rudzīte Museum of Zoology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda Bulv. 4, Rīga, LV-1586 LatviaSearch for more papers by this authorMāris Rudzītis, Māris Rudzītis Museum of Geology, University of Latvia, Alberta 10, Rīga, LV-1010 LatviaSearch for more papers by this authorChristian Scheder, Christian Scheder Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering (Technisches Büro für Gewässerökologie) – Blattfisch, Gabelsbergerstraße 7, 4600 Wels, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorMary Seddon, Mary Seddon IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, c/o 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL U.K.Search for more papers by this authorHülya Şereflişan, Hülya Şereflişan Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Mustafa Kemal University, 31200 İskenderun, Hatay, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorVladica Simić, Vladica Simić Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorSvetlana Sokolova, Svetlana Sokolova Institute of Ecological Problems of the North of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 163000 Arkhangelsk, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorKatharina Stoeckl, Katharina Stoeckl Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Mühlenweg 22, 85350 Freising, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJouni Taskinen, Jouni Taskinen Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35 (YAC-315.2), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorAmílcar Teixeira, Amílcar Teixeira CIMO - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorFrankie Thielen, Frankie Thielen Natur & Ëmwelt/Fondation Hëllef fir d'Natur, Kierchestrooss 2, L-9753 Heinerscheid, LuxembourgSearch for more papers by this authorTeodora Trichkova, Teodora Trichkova Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia, 1113 BulgariaSearch for more papers by this authorSimone Varandas, Simone Varandas CITAB - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Forestry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-811 Vila Real, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorHeinrich Vicentini, Heinrich Vicentini Gewässerökologie Wasserschöpfi, 48 8055 Zurich, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorKatarzyna Zajac, Katarzyna Zajac Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Kraków, Mickiewicza, 33 PolandSearch for more papers by this authorTadeusz Zajac, Tadeusz Zajac Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Kraków, Mickiewicza, 33 PolandSearch for more papers by this authorStamatis Zogaris, Stamatis Zogaris Hellenic Centre For Marine Research - Institute of Marine Biological Sciences and Inland Waters, 46, 7 km Athens-Sounio, Anavissos, Attiki, GreeceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 January 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12244Citations: 304 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat ABSTRACT Freshwater mussels of the Order Unionida provide important ecosystem functions and services, yet many of their populations are in decline. We comprehensively review the status of the 16 currently recognized species in Europe, collating for the first time their life-history traits, distribution, conservation status, habitat preferences, and main threats in order to suggest future management actions. In northern, central, and eastern Europe, a relatively homogeneous species composition is found in most basins. In southern Europe, despite the lower species richness, spatially restricted species make these basins a high conservation priority. Information on freshwater mussels in Europe is unevenly distributed with considerable differences in data quality and quantity among countries and species. To make conservation more effective in the future, we suggest greater international cooperation using standardized protocols and methods to monitor and manage European freshwater mussel diversity. Such an approach will not only help conserve this vulnerable group but also, through the protection of these important organisms, will offer wider benefits to freshwater ecosystems. Citing Literature Supporting Information Filename Description brv12244-sup-0001-AppendixS1.docxWord 2007 document , 35.4 KB Appendix S1. Genetic sequences table and methodology. brv12244-sup-0002-AppendixS2.docxWord 2007 document , 107.9 KB Appendix S2. Distribution data bibliography. brv12244-sup-0003-AppendixS3.docxWord 2007 document , 26.6 KB Appendix S3. Biological traits bibliography. brv12244-sup-0004-AppendixS4.docxWord 2007 document , 22.7 KB Appendix S4. Principal habitats bibliography. brv12244-sup-0005-AppendixS5.docxWord 2007 document , 18.4 KB Appendix S5. Conservation and protection status bibliography. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume92, Issue1February 2017Pages 572-607 RelatedInformation