Copyright © 2024 Association for the Academic Study of New Religions, Inc. 79 Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, Volume 27, Issue 4, pages 79–95, ISSN 1092-6690 (print), 1541-8480 (electronic). Graham Hancock, Prometheus for a New Age Alternative Archaeology as Modern Mythmaking Olav Hammer and Karen Swartz ABSTRACT: The Netflix show Ancient Apocalypse revolves around British writer Graham Hancock's claim that he has uncovered evidence indicating that there was an advanced, spiritually attuned civilization during the last Ice Age that brought key elements of culture to peoples around the world. Critics, professional archaeologists in particular, characterize Hancock as a pseudoarchaeologist and a pseudoscientist. A less commonly explored perspective is to see Hancock as a bricoleur who creates a myth from a motley selection of cultural elements. A quintessentially modern feature of his Ice Age myth is its tension in relation to scientific archaeology. A story that has the characteristics of a culture hero myth is presented as evidence- based and empirically more valid than the accounts of professional archaeologists. A narrative analysis based on the work of literary theorist Algirdas Greimas shows how this claim results, on the one hand, in a pervasive vagueness in the account of the Ice Age heroes and, on the other, in a far more sharply drawn story of Hancock as a present- day Promethean culture hero who fights the dogmatism of academics and reveals the insights of the ancient Ice Age sages to a world afflicted with amnesia about its true history. KEYWORDS: alternative archaeology, religion and science, bricolage, mythmaking, Ancient Apocalypse, Algirdas Greimas, narrative analysis, hyperdiffusionist theory NR-27-4_Text.indd 79 NR-27-4_Text.indd 79 5/9/24 3:33 PM 5/9/24 3:33 PM Nova Religio 80 Copyright © 2024 Association for the Academic Study of New Religions, Inc. I n November 2022 Netflix released Ancient Apocalypse, a documentary series consisting of eight episodes featuring the British writer Graham Hancock (b. 1950). Presented on IMDb (Internet Movie Database) with the tag line, "What if everything we know about prehistory is wrong?" the show revolves around Hancock's claim of having uncovered evidence indicating the existence of an advanced civilization during the last Ice Age, a claim he posits is rejected by "mainstream archaeologists" who are so entrenched in their dogmatic beliefs that they refuse to take it seriously.1 Prior to the release of Ancient Apocalypse, Hancock was already a successful writer on controversial topics. During his three decades- long career in this field, he has authored a dozen books presenting his unconventional views on history, held numerous public lectures, and established a presence on social media—for instance, by appearing on the immensely popular podcast, The Joe Rogan Experience.2 The Netflix series, however, reached a much broader audience, and soon after being released Ancient Apocalypse became one of the most widely streamed Netflix productions, reaching the top ten in thirty- one countries.3 Critics—professional archaeologists in particular—have long characterized Hancock as a pseudoarchaeologist and a pseudoscientist. The release of the series was met with a renewed barrage of criticism, not only in academic circles but also in the media. Unsurprisingly, Hancock and his supporters vehemently reject such responses, and even the most cursory search of the internet will attest to the intense polemical battle raging between those who are intent on debunking his claims and those who regard him as an intrepid investigator of a forgotten truth. Our aim in this essay is not to add yet another voice to the many debunkers who have evaluated Hancock's claims in terms of what archaeologists have uncovered about the artifacts and sites to which he refers in his show. Instead, our focus is to examine how the narrative of Ancient Apocalypse is constructed. Although our analysis inevitably impinges on the issue of the facticity of that narrative, the primary purpose of this article is both to depart from and significantly extend a basic insight in recent literature that sees Hancock and similar authors as engaged in mythmaking. First, we contextualize Hancock's work within the category of alternative archaeology. Second, we identify the underlying structure and basic building blocks of...