T he growth and development of crops are significantly hampered by drought and heat stress, making them important hazards to the farming sector.Looking ahead, there is increasing worry that the frequency, length, and severity of abiotic stresses may increase, potentially having disastrous repercussions for crop and forage productivity.These effects, in turn, may negatively affect livestock productivity (Zhou et al., 2017).The average world temperature is steadily rising due to the current pace Abstract | Global pasture production faces significant challenges due to the combined stresses of heat and drought, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, such as in Pakistan.The study investigated the impact of temperature and drought strain on Chloris gayana and Setaria anceps growth.Plants were exposed to combined stresses including normal (100% Fc and 25˚C), moderate (75% Fc and 30˚C), severe (50% Fc and 35˚C), and high severe (25% Fc and 40˚C) conditions.Physiological parameters, including soil moisture content, relative water content, and chlorophyll content reduced under severe conditions.However, results showed that SMC differences decreased at 54% in Setaria anceps and 52% in Chloris gayana, similarly for RWC% at 27 and 26 in the first data set, while 29 and 25 in the second dataset, and total chlorophyll content at 0.25 and 0.22 mg/g in the first dataset, while 0.25 and 0.20 mg/g of fresh weight in the second dataset.Morphological parameters, including height, number of leaves per tiller, and biomass also decreased.The maximum and minimum biomass values were 9 and 2g in Chloris gayana and 7 and 2g in Setaria anceps grass.However, Chloris gayana slightly performed better than Setaria anceps in all parameters.The results were analyzed using SPSS, Complete Randomized Design (CRD) one-way ANOVA with a probability threshold of 0.05%.