The lack of professional identity can impede the transition from nursing students to qualified nurses and exacerbate the shortage of health care professionals. Personality is important to resilience-building and professional identity development in nursing students. However, the associations among personality, resilience, and professional identity are less explored. The study aims to identify latent subtypes of personality, to evaluate the mediating role of resilience between personality and professional identity in nursing students, and to provide practical guidance for educators' subsequent interventions with nursing students' professional identity.