Columnar superhydrophobic microstructures has been widely used in industry; however, post processing of the structured surface with methods such as chemical modification is required. This structure has drawbacks including short lifetime, poor stability, and susceptibility to wear and damage. In this study, a novel stepped pit-like hole microstructure was fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation on the surface of alumina ceramics and excellent superhydrophobicity was achieved. The geometry of the microstructure was designed by the Cassie-Baxter law, and the influences of laser scanning speed, the distribution of microstructure, and the chemical composition of the machined surface on water-repelling were comprehensively investigated. By optimizing laser and structure parameters, the stepped pit-like surface can take full advantage of surface roughness, heterogeneous wettability, and the spatial distribution of the structure to exhibit hydrophobic performance. Furthermore, the endurance of the structure surface was examined experimentally, showing outstanding wear-resistant, anti-pollution, and self-cleaning abilities. The results of this study provide practical knowledge for the fabrication of high-performance multifunctional without further chemical modification.