Statistics in MedicineVolume 19, Issue 4 p. 453-473 Research Article What do we mean by validating a prognostic model? Douglas G. Altman, Corresponding Author Douglas G. Altman altman@icrf.icnet.uk ICRF Medical Statistics Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, U.K.ICRF Medical Statistics Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Royston, Patrick Royston Department of Medical Statistics and Evaluation, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.Search for more papers by this author Douglas G. Altman, Corresponding Author Douglas G. Altman altman@icrf.icnet.uk ICRF Medical Statistics Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, U.K.ICRF Medical Statistics Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Royston, Patrick Royston Department of Medical Statistics and Evaluation, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 February 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000229)19:4<453::AID-SIM350>3.0.CO;2-5Citations: 907AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Prognostic models are used in medicine for investigating patient outcome in relation to patient and disease characteristics. Such models do not always work well in practice, so it is widely recommended that they need to be validated. The idea of validating a prognostic model is generally taken to mean establishing that it works satisfactorily for patients other than those from whose data it was derived. In this paper we examine what is meant by validation and review why it is necessary. We consider how to validate a model and suggest that it is desirable to consider two rather different aspects – statistical and clinical validity – and examine some general approaches to validation. We illustrate the issues using several case studies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Citing Literature Volume19, Issue4Special Issue: Selected papers from the Oberwolfach Conference on Medical Statistics: Mathematical Models for Diagnosis and Prognosis29 February 2000Pages 453-473 RelatedInformation