Importance
Germline pathogenic variants inBRCA1andBRCA2predispose to an increased lifetime risk of breast cancer. However, the relevance of germline variants in other genes from multigene hereditary cancer testing panels is not well defined. Objective
To determine the risks of breast cancer associated with germline variants in cancer predisposition genes. Design, Setting, and Participants
A study population of 65 057 patients with breast cancer receiving germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes with hereditary cancer multigene panels. Associations between pathogenic variants in non-BRCA1and non-BRCA2predisposition genes and breast cancer risk were estimated in a case-control analysis of patients with breast cancer and Exome Aggregation Consortium reference controls. The women underwent testing between March 15, 2012, and June 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures
Breast cancer risk conferred by pathogenic variants in non-BRCA1and non-BRCA2predisposition genes. Results
The mean (SD) age at diagnosis for the 65 057 women included in the analysis was 48.5 (11.1) years. The frequency of pathogenic variants in 21 panel genes identified in 41 611 consecutively tested white women with breast cancer was estimated at 10.2%. After exclusion ofBRCA1,BRCA2, and syndromic breast cancer genes (CDH1,PTEN, andTP53), observed pathogenic variants in 5 of 16 genes were associated with high or moderately increased risks of breast cancer:ATM(OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.22-3.62),BARD1(OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.31-3.63),CHEK2(OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.31-1.67),PALB2(OR, 7.46; 95% CI, 5.12-11.19), andRAD51D(OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.21-7.88). Conversely, variants in theBRIP1andRAD51Covarian cancer risk genes; theMRE11A,RAD50, andNBNMRN complex genes; theMLH1andPMS2mismatch repair genes; andNF1were not associated with increased risks of breast cancer. Conclusions and Relevance
This study establishes several panel genes as high- and moderate-risk breast cancer genes and provides estimates of breast cancer risk associated with pathogenic variants in these genes among individuals qualifying for clinical genetic testing.