Reproduction poses a substantial burden, especially for mammalian females. Puberty onset serves as a vital checkpoint, regulated based on the body9s energy state, to prevent inappropriate reproductive activity under malnutrition. However, the neural basis of this puberty checkpoint remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that peripubertal malnutrition in female mice reduces the synchronous activity episodes of arcuate kisspeptin neurons (SEskiss), which are critical regulators of the gonadotropin axis. Improved dietary availability boosts SEskiss frequency, facilitating puberty onset. Using a viral-genetic approach, we show that the activating agouti-related protein neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARCAgrp neurons), a hunger center, suppresses SEskiss, even with enough food. Conversely, loss-of-function of ARCAgrp neurons enhances SEskiss during malnutrition, partly promoting irregular sexual maturation. Collectively, a neural circuit connecting feeding to reproductive centers is responsible for disinhibiting SEskiss frequency based on dietary availability, which sheds light on the neural basis of puberty checkpoint.