Arthritis & RheumatismVolume 42, Issue 2 p. 366-372 Clinical ScienceFree to Read Genetic influences on cervical and lumbar disc degeneration: A magnetic resonance imaging study in twins P. N. Sambrook, Corresponding Author P. N. Sambrook University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney 2065, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorA. J. MacGregor, A. J. MacGregor St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorT. D. Spector, T. D. Spector St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UKSearch for more papers by this author P. N. Sambrook, Corresponding Author P. N. Sambrook University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney 2065, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorA. J. MacGregor, A. J. MacGregor St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorT. D. Spector, T. D. Spector St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 May 2001 https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199902)42:2<366::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-6Citations: 349AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Objective Degenerative intervertebral disc disease is common; however, the importance of genetic factors is unknown. This study sought to determine the extent of genetic influences on disc degeneration by classic twin study methods using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods We compared MRI features of degenerative disc disease in the cervical and lumbar spine of 172 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic twins (mean age 51.7 and 54.4, respectively) who were unselected for back pain or disc disease. An overall score for disc degeneration was calculated as the sum of the grades for disc height, bulge, osteophytosis, and signal intensity at each level. A “severe disease” score (excluding minor grades) and an “extent of disease” score (number of levels affected) were also calculated. Results For the overall score, heritability was 74% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 64–81%) at the lumbar spine and 73% (95% CI 64–80%) at the cervical spine. For “severe disease,” heritability was 64% and 79% at the lumbar and cervical spine, respectively, and for “extent of disease,” heritability was 63% and 63%, respectively. These results were adjusted for age, weight, height, smoking, occupational manual work, and exercise. Examination of individual features revealed that disc height and bulge were highly heritable at both sites, and osteophytes were heritable in the lumbar spine. Conclusion These results suggest an important genetic influence on variation in intervertebral disc degeneration. However, variation in disc signal is largely influenced by environmental factors shared by twins. The use of MRI scans to determine the phenotype in family and population studies should allow a better understanding of disease mechanisms and the identification of the genes involved. Citing Literature Volume42, Issue2February 1999Pages 366-372 RelatedInformation