Breaking short-circuit current and harmonic current are two strict breaking conditions for circuit breakers. Current experimental methods are difficult to test the breaking ability of circuit breakers under the influence of harmonic current, short-circuit current, and arc after arc under high voltage and high harmonic components. Therefore, based on the coupling simulation method of magnetohydrodynamics and circuits, this paper numerically models the arc characteristics of SF6circuit breakers under power frequency and harmonic current, as well as the arc characteristics under short-circuit current. The influence of harmonic current and short-circuit current on the opening of SF6 circuit breakers is analyzed, The conclusion is drawn that the arc current may have an earlier zero crossing at higher harmonic frequencies and is more likely to cause arc reignition when the short-circuit current recovery voltage rise rate is large.