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Eline Sierens
Author with expertise in Self-Determination Theory in Human Motivation and Well-Being
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The synergistic relationship of perceived autonomy support and structure in the prediction of self‐regulated learning

Eline Sierens et al.May 9, 2008
Self-determination theory defines two important dimensions of teaching style: autonomy support and structure.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the synergistic relationship of perceived teacher autonomy support and the provision of structure in the prediction of self-regulated learning.Students (N=526) completed questionnaires assessing perceived autonomy support, structure, and self-regulated learning.First, autonomy support and structure were found to be positively correlated, suggesting that the support of student autonomy generally goes hand in hand with the provision of structure and order in the classroom. Second, moderated regression analyses indicated that structure but not autonomy support yielded a main effect on self-regulated learning, although this main effect was qualified by a structure by autonomy support interaction.The interaction suggests that structure was associated with more self-regulated learning under conditions of moderate and high autonomy support only. Therefore, when teachers want their students to evaluate themselves, to plan their study activities, and to think about themselves as learners, the teachers are encouraged to provide help, instructions, and expectations in an autonomy-supportive way.
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Psychologically controlling teaching: Examining outcomes, antecedents, and mediators.

Bart Soenens et al.Oct 3, 2011
Psychologically controlling teaching (PCT) refers to the use of intrusive behaviors that pressure students to act, think, and feel in particular ways.The goal of the present research was to examine the dynamics involved in PCT.Study 1 examined self-regulated learning and achievement outcomes of PCT, whereas Study 2 examined antecedents (i.e., individual and environmental pressures).In Study 1, we found that PCT was related negatively to students' use of self-regulation strategies, which, in turn, was positively related to academic achievement.Students' relative autonomy for studying played an intervening role in these associations.Findings of Study 2 revealed that both pressure from above (i.e., a pressuring school environment) and pressure from within (i.e., teachers' low relative autonomy for teaching) were related to PCT, whereas pressure from below (i.e., students' low relative autonomy for studying) was not.These associations could be accounted for by depersonalization, one component of teacher burnout.The discussion focuses on how PCT represents one aspect of the "dark side" of teaching, which is understudied in educational psychology.