A 90-year-old man was admitted to hospital in December 2023 with fatigue, dyspnoea and cutaneous bruising. He had no lymph node or splenic enlargement. The blood count showed a rapidly progressive thrombocytopenia with platelets 56 × 109/L and normocytic anaemia with haemoglobin 109 g/L. The white blood cell count was normal (white cells 4.92 × 109/L; neutrophils 2.88 × 109/L; lymphocytes 1.63 × 109/L and monocytopenia 0.19 × 109/L). The blood smear identified 1.5% circulating hairy cells. The bone marrow aspirate showed an infiltration by hairy cells with an atypical morphology (left 4-image panel; May–Grunwald–Giemsa, original magnification ×1000): marrow infiltration by 25% of large cells, morphologically more suggestive of large-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma than hairy cells with increased size, deformed or lobulated nuclei, fine chromatin, absence of nucleolus and moderately basophilic cytoplasm; most of the cells have lost their villous appearance or sometimes extended one or two thick projections. We also observed a few cells having granulo-lamellar cytoplasmic inclusions (ribosome–lamella complex) with the appearance of discrete basophilic rods with a clear central zone as sometimes observed in typical hairy cells (middle 4-image panel, arrows; May–Grunwald–Giemsa, original magnification ×1000). This aspect is different from the classical morphology shown at a previous relapse in June 2019 (right 4-image panel; May–Grunwald–Giemsa, original magnification ×1000) where there was marrow infiltration by 20% of hairy cells of classic appearance: intermediate size, rounded or kidney-shaped nucleus, dispersed chromatin, absence of nucleolus, clear, weakly basophilic cytoplasm bristling with fine circumferential projections. Flow cytometry remained typical, hairy cells were CD25+ CD11c+ CD103+ and CD123+ (hairy-cell leukaemia [HCL] score 4/4). Karyotype was complex in 4/25 mitoses with loss of chromosomes X, 10, 11 and 22, del(7q), add(17)(p13) and five unidentifiable marker chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed loss of ATM but no loss of TP53. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated mutations in BRAF (V600E, Variant allele frequency (VAF) 15.5%) and ARID1A (exon 5, VAF 16%) but no TP53 mutation. The diagnosis of relapsed classical HCL was made. Our patient had a previous diagnosis of HCL in 1998 and had received eight previous lines of treatment. He refused any new treatment and died from progressive disease in April 2024. Few cases of HCL with atypical large cells have been published, all in the relapsed/refractory setting.1 No funding has been required for this morphological case. No ethical approval was necessary for this case. Patient's family received a non-opposition consent. No material is reproduced from other sources.