Background:
IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a small vessel vasculitis occurring predominantly in childhood. The pathogenesis of IgAV is not elucidated yet, nor there are known biomarkers that could indicate an active disease and predict possible damage with special emphasis to IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN) as the most significant long term complication of the disease [1]. Objectives:
We aimed to investigate high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 (Gd-IgA1) and protocadherin 1 (PCDH1) in children with IgAV. Methods:
A prospective study enrolled 86 children with IgAV and 70 children from the control group. HMGB1, RAGE, Gd-IgA1 and PCDH1 in serum and urine were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method at the onset of the disease and after six months interval and once in the control group. Results:
Concentrations of HMGB1, RAGE and PCDH1 in sera and concentrations of HMGB1, RAGE, Gd-IgA1 and PCDH1 in urine were statistically significantly higher in children with IgAV than in the control group (p<0,001). A statistically significant difference was observed in concentrations of HMGB1 (5573 pg/mL vs. 3477 pg/mL vs. 1088 pg/mL, p<0,001) and RAGE (309 pg/mL vs. 302.4 pg/mL vs. 201.3 pg/mL, p=0.012) in sera of children with IgAV at the onset of the disease compared to six months interval and between the control group. Logistic regression distinguished serum Gd-IgA1 (CI 0.943-0.982, p=0.028), RAGE (CI 0.983-0.998, p=0.026) and PCDH1 (CI 1.021-1.137, p=0.012) and urinary HMGB1 (CI 1.000-1.002, p=0.026) as predictors of arthritis. Cox regression analysis didn't reveal any of investigated biomarkers as a predictor of IgAVN, although urinary concentration of HMGB1 after six month follow up was higher in children with IgAVN compared to IgAV without nephritis [270.9 (146.7-542.7) ng/mmol vs. 133.2 (85.9-318.6) ng/mmol, p=0.049] and significantly positively correlated with the number of erythrocytes in urine samples (τ=0.193, p<0.05) and with outcome of nephritis (τ=0.287, p<0.05). Conclusion:
Gd-IgA1, HMGB1, RAGE and PCDH1 seem to be involved in IgAV pathogenesis, with HMGB1 and RAGE showing elevated values during the disease follow up interval and could be an indicator of disease activity. Although model adjustments didn't reveal any of them as a predictor of IgAVN, it seems that urinary HMGB1 could have a potential role in the follow up of children who developed IgAVN. SUPPORT: Croatian Science Foundation Project IP-2019-04-8822. REFERENCES:
[1] Bobek D, Grčević D, Kovačić N, Lukić KK, Jelušić M. The presence of high mobility group box-1 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2014;12(1):50. Acknowledgements:
NIL. Disclosure of Interests:
None declared.