Various complications and potential risks of serious adverse events lessens the intensity of chemotherapy in patients with Werner syndrome. Bone marrow carcinomatosis of breast cancer was developed in a patient with Werner syndrome. Eribulin proved well tolerated and effective in improving severe thrombocytopenia, leading to platelet transfusion-free status. Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by symptoms of premature aging caused by WRN mutations.1 The cardinal symptoms of most patients with WS include graying or loss of hair, bird-like facies, skin atrophy, skin ulcers and bilateral cataracts.1 One of the main causes of death in patients with WS is malignant tumors. Breast cancer is relatively rare in patients with WS.2 Recently, a recommendation paper for adequate screening and surveillance for malignancy in patients with WS was published.3 However, no recommendations have been made regarding an adequate treatment strategy for malignant tumors for those patients. This means that it is unclear whether we can treat malignancies in patients with WS similarly to those without WS, or whether we should prepare alternative strategies. A 36-year-old woman presented with a history of a right breast mass for 3 years. A needle biopsy performed in May 2018 confirmed a pathological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma and stained positive for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Fig. 1a). Technetium-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy revealed multiple bone metastases (Fig. 1b). A treatment with palbociclib plus fulvestrant was initiated. In addition, the patient was diagnosed with WS in January 2021. The diagnostic criteria for WS were fulfilled by the detection of germline WRN mutations and following clinical symptoms: progeroid changes in hair, operated bilateral cataracts, glaucoma, skin ulcers, soft tissue calcification, bird-like face, abnormal voice, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, hypogonadism, short stature (145 cm) and low body weight (41 kg).1 Genetic testing for the WRN gene revealed a homozygous NM_000553.6:c.3913C>T mutation, resulting in a premature stop codon (R1305*). The palbociclib plus fulvestrant therapy had to be discontinued after 29 months because of progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia. A bone marrow (BM) biopsy revealed BM carcinomatosis of breast cancer in March 2021. Peripheral blood laboratory data at starting chemotherapy is indicated in Figure 1c. Three cycles of adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy could not resolve severe cytopenia requiring frequent transfusions (Fig. 1d). Then, we initiated eribulin (1.4 mg/m2, Days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks) as second-line chemotherapy considering the comorbidities related to WS, such as diabetes and refractory skin ulcers (Fig. 1e[a,b]). Consequently, the cancer antigen 15-3 levels started to decrease, and the severe thrombocytopenia gradually improved. Finally, the patient obtained a platelet transfusion-free status after the fourth cycle of treatment. Neutropenia was manageable by prophylactic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. No peripheral neuropathy was observed. Eribulin therapy was continued for nine cycles. Subsequently, the patient received three additional lines of alternative chemotherapy; however, none of these treatments improved peripheral cytopenia. The patient's general status gradually deteriorated, accompanied by recurrent bacteremia originating from intractable multiple cutaneous ulcers. Ultimately, the patient developed brain metastases and died 17 months after the diagnosis of BM carcinomatosis. To date, clinical research regarding anticancer drug therapy in patients with WS is scarce, while two case reports described unexpected severe toxicities leading to death following usual combination chemotherapies in patients with WS.4, 5 Laboratory studies have demonstrated that WS cells have an increased sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs, including cisplatin, melphalan, chlorambucil, mitomycin C (DNA cross-linking drugs), etoposide (topoisomerase II inhibitor) and camptothecin (topoisomerase I inhibitor).4 In addition to the hypersensitivity of WS cells to chemotherapeutic agents, many patients with WS have complications such as diabetes or cutaneous ulcers, as observed in our case. These complications can cause severe infection, leading to treatment failure and death. Therefore, careful selection of anticancer drug regimens with suitable dose modifications and preparation for unusual adverse events are desirable. Eribulin has been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after using anthracyclines and taxanes.6 Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy and low toxicity of eribulin in early line use, particularly in older patients.7, 8 BM carcinomatosis of breast cancer is rare, reported to occur in only 0.17% of the patients.9 The treatment strategy is not established for patients with breast cancer with BM carcinomatosis, and their median overall survival is 6.43–19 months.9, 10 We initiated eribulin considering WS, its comorbidities of diabetes and intractable cutaneous ulcers and expectations for eribulin efficacy and low toxicity. Consequently, a platelet transfusion-free status was obtained for a substantial duration with no serious or unexpected toxicities. In conclusion, we successfully managed a case of BM carcinomatosis of breast cancer with eribulin as second-line therapy in a patient with WS. In such cases, physicians should consider eribulin use as an early line therapy. Further investigations on anticancer drug therapy for various malignancies in patients with WS are needed to improve clinical outcomes. KT received honoraria for lectures from Eisai, Janssen, Chugai, Ono, Otsuka, Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda and Sanofi. The other authors declare that they have no financial conflicts of interest. Written informed consent for the publication of this case report was obtained from the relatives of the patient. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.