Significance Calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) nanoscale gels are the main binding agent in cement and concrete, crucial for the strength and the long-term evolution of the material. Even more than the molecular structure, the C–S–H mesoscale amorphous texture over hundreds of nanometers plays a crucial role for material properties. We use a statistical physics framework for aggregating nanoparticles and numerical simulations to obtain a first, to our knowledge, quantitative model for such a complex material. The extensive comparison with experiments ranging from small-angle neutron scattering, SEM, adsorption/desorption of N 2 , and water to nanoindentation provides new fundamental insights into the microscopic origin of the properties measured.