*Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Meteo-France, Toulouse, France.+MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland.#Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e dell'Oceano—CNR, Bologna, Italy.@Joint Office for Science Support, UCAR, Boulder, Colorado.&University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.**Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.++Meteorological Institute, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.##Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenholen.Corresponding author address: Dr. Philippe Bougeault, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Meteo-France, 42, Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 01, France. E-mail: philippe.bougeault@meteo.fr