We show that in the presence of external fields for which either$\dot{\vb{B}}^{\mathrm{ext}}\neq 0$ or $\nabla\times\vb{E}^{\mathrm{ext}}\neq0$ it is not possible to derive the classical Maxwell equations from an actionwith only one gauge field. We suggest that one possible solution is to considera second physical pseudo-vector gauge field $C$. The action for this theory isoriginally motivated by the inclusion of magnetic monopoles. These particlesplay no role in this work and our argument is only based in, that the violationof the Bianchi identities, cannot be accounted at the action level with onlythe standard gauge field. We give a particular example for a periodic rotatingexternal magnetic field. Our construction holds that at classical level boththe vector and pseudo-vector gauge fields $A$ and $C$ are regular. We comparepseudo-photon with paraphoton (graviphoton) theories concluding that, besidesthe mechanisms of gauge symmetry breaking already studied, the Bianchiidentities violation are a crucial difference between both theories. We alsoshow that, due to Dirac's quantization condition, at quantum field theory levelthe effects due to pseudo-photons and photons can be distinguished by therespective contributions to the magnetic moment of fermions and vacuumpolarization. These effects may be relevant in astrophysical environments,namely close and inside neutron stars and magnetars. [Erratum: The constructionin this work must, at most, be considered as a conceptual system or toy model.Are discussed systems where the results may have relevance.]
