We give a unified division algebraic description of (D=3, N=1,2,4,8), (D=4,N=1,2,4), (D=6, N=1,2) and (D=10, N=1) super Yang-Mills theories. A given(D=n+2, N) theory is completely specified by selecting a pair (A_n, A_{nN}) ofdivision algebras, A_n, A_{nN} = R, C, H, O, where the subscripts denote thedimension of the algebras. We present a master Lagrangian, defined overA_{nN}-valued fields, which encapsulates all cases. Each possibility isobtained from the unique (O, O) (D=10, N=1) theory by a combination ofCayley-Dickson halving, which amounts to dimensional reduction, and removingpoints, lines and quadrangles of the Fano plane, which amounts to consistenttruncation. The so-called triality algebras associated with the divisionalgebras allow for a novel formula for the overall (spacetime plus internal)symmetries of the on-shell degrees of freedom of the theories. We use imaginaryA_{nN}-valued auxiliary fields to close the non-maximal supersymmetry algebraoff-shell. The failure to close for maximally supersymmetric theories isattributed directly to the non-associativity of the octonions.