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Andrea Davide Benaglia
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Quantum Exact Non-Abelian Vortices in Non-relativistic Theories

Miguel Angel Garcia et al.Nov 21, 2013
Non-Abelian vortices arise when a non-Abelian global symmetry is exact in theground state but spontaneously broken in the vicinity of their cores. In thiscase, there appear (non-Abelian) Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes confined andpropagating along the vortex. In relativistic theories, theColeman-Mermin-Wagner theorem forbids the existence of a spontaneous symmetrybreaking, or a long-range order, in 1+1 dimensions: quantum corrections restorethe symmetry along the vortex and the NG modes acquire a mass gap. We show thatin non-relativistic theories NG modes with quadratic dispersion relationconfined on a vortex can remain gapless at quantum level. We provide a concreteand experimentally realizable example of a three-component Bose-Einsteincondensate with U(1) x U(2) symmetry. We first show, at the classical level,the existence of S^3 = S^1 |x S^2 (S^1 fibered over S^2) NG modes associated tothe breaking U(2) -> U(1) on vortices, where S^1 and S^2 correspond to type Iand II NG modes, respectively. We then show, by using a Bethe ansatz technique,that the U(1) symmetry is restored, while the SU(2) symmery remains brokennon-pertubatively at quantum level. Accordingly, the U(1) NG mode turns into ac=1 conformal field theory, the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, while the S^2 NGmode remains gapless, describing a ferromagnetic liquid. This allows the vortexto be genuinely non-Abelian at quantum level.
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