EcologyVolume 84, Issue 12 p. 3294-3306 Regular Article TEMPORAL VARIATION IN SURVIVAL OF MAMMALS: A CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CANALIZATION? Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Michel Gaillard Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche Numero 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorNigel Gilles Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles Yoccoz Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Michel Gaillard Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche Numero 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorNigel Gilles Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles Yoccoz Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0409Citations: 422 Corresponding Editor: M. S. Boyce Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract In an age- or stage-structured population, a given change on a proportional scale of different fitness components has different effects on the population growth rate. Because earlier studies have shown that variability is selectively disadvantageous for long-lived iteroparous species, fitness components whose variation has greatest impact on the population growth rate are expected to be canalized against temporal variability. We present here a test for such a canalization of fitness components most influential for population growth. If canalization occurs, (1) within a given population the variance of canalized fitness components should be less than that of noncanalized components, and (2) among populations an inverse relationship should occur between the potential demographic impact of fitness components and their temporal variability. We tested these hypotheses using data on age-dependent survival of ungulates. As expected for long-lived vertebrates, elasticities and sensitivities of adult survival were consistently higher than for juvenile survival. In support of the canalization hypothesis, the variance of juvenile survival with low potential demographic impact on fitness was consistently higher than the variance of adult survival with high potential demographic impact on fitness, in all of 22 ungulate populations for which long-term demographic monitoring data were available. However, a negative covariation between potential impact on fitness and temporal variation could also be accounted for by alternative hypotheses, the lower resistance of growing individuals to environmental "insults," or reduced adult phenotypic variability due to selective mortality of juveniles. To differentiate between canalization of adult survival and frailty/selective mortality of juveniles, we included five populations of small mammals. We then found a negative relationship between the relative potential impact of age-dependent survival on fitness and the relative variability of age-dependent survival, especially for populations faced with high environmental variation. This remained true after correcting for differences in mean survival of juveniles and adults and was independent of phylogeny. Although more data are required to extend the hypothesis to other taxonomic groups, we conclude that available data support the idea that adult survival of ungulates is canalized against temporal variation. Therefore, contrasted responses of juvenile and prime-age survival to environmental variation in ungulates may be adaptive and could be viewed as a bet-hedging strategy. Supporting Information Filename Description https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3297980 Research data pertaining to this article is located at figshare.com: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Literature Cited Abildgard, F., J. Andersen, and O. Barndorff-Nielsen . 1972. The hare population (Lepus europaeus Pallas) of Illumo Island, Denmark. A report on the analysis of the data from 1957–1970. 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