Background High-dose radiation is the main component of glioblastoma therapy. Unfortunately, radio-resistance is a common problem and a major contributor to tumor relapse. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving response to radiation is critical for identifying regulatory routes that could be targeted to improve treatment response.Methods We conducted an integrated analysis in the U251 and U343 glioblastoma cell lines to map early alterations in the expression of genes at three levels: transcription, splicing, and translation in response to ionizing radiation.Results Changes at the transcriptional level were the most prevalent response. Downregulated genes are strongly associated with cell cycle and DNA replication and linked to a coordinated module of expression. Alterations in this group are likely driven by decreased expression of the transcription factor FOXM1 and members of the E2F family. Genes involved in RNA regulatory mechanisms were affected at the mRNA, splicing, and translation levels, highlighting their importance in radiation-response. We identified a number of oncogenic factors, with an increased expression upon radiation exposure, including BCL6, RRM2B, IDO1, FTH1, APIP, and LRIG2 and lncRNAs NEAT1 and FTX. Several of these targets have been previously implicated in radio-resistance. Therefore, antagonizing their effects post-radiation could increase therapeutic efficacy.Conclusions Our integrated analysis provides a comprehensive view of early response to radiation in glioblastoma. We identify new biological processes involved in altered expression of various oncogenic factors and suggest new target options to increase radiation sensitivity and prevent relapse.* TCGA : The Cancer Genome Atlas NSCs : Neural stem cells lncRNAs : long non-coding RNAs Ribo-seq : high-throughput ribosome profiling T0 : time point corresponding to no irradiation T1 : time point corresponding to 1 hour post irradiation T24 : time point corresponding to 24 hours post irradiation CDS : coding domain sequence PCA : Principle component analysis BH : Benjamini and Hochberg FDR adjustment procedure WGCNA : Weighted Gene co-expression network analysis TPM : Transcripts per million kME : eigene-gene based connectivity in cluster analysis GO : Gene ontology GSEA : Gene set enrichment analysis