Inducing cancer cell apoptosis through cytotoxic reagents is the main therapeutic strategy for diverse cancer types. However, several antiapoptotic factors impede curative cancer therapy by driving cancer cells to resist cytotoxic agent-induced apoptosis, thus leading to refractoriness and relapse. To define critical antiapoptotic factors that contribute to chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we generated two pairs of parental and apoptosis-resistant cell models through cisplatin (DDP) induction and then performed whole-transcriptome sequencing. We identified the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) histocompatibility leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) as the chief culprit for chemoresistance. Mechanistically, HCP5 interacts with UTP3 small subunit processome component (UTP3) and prevents UTP3 degradation from E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29)-mediated ubiquitination. UTP3 then recruits c-Myc to activate vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) expression. Activated VAMP3 suppresses caspase-dependent apoptosis and eventually leads to chemoresistance. Accordingly, the expression level of the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 axis in chemoresistant patients is significantly higher than that in chemosensitive patients. Thus, our study demonstrated that the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 axis plays an important role in the inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis and that HCP5 may be a promising chemosensitivity target for cancer treatment. Inducing cancer cell apoptosis through cytotoxic reagents is the main therapeutic strategy for diverse cancer types. However, several antiapoptotic factors impede curative cancer therapy by driving cancer cells to resist cytotoxic agent-induced apoptosis, thus leading to refractoriness and relapse. To define critical antiapoptotic factors that contribute to chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we generated two pairs of parental and apoptosis-resistant cell models through cisplatin (DDP) induction and then performed whole-transcriptome sequencing. We identified the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) histocompatibility leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) as the chief culprit for chemoresistance. Mechanistically, HCP5 interacts with UTP3 small subunit processome component (UTP3) and prevents UTP3 degradation from E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29)-mediated ubiquitination. UTP3 then recruits c-Myc to activate vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) expression. Activated VAMP3 suppresses caspase-dependent apoptosis and eventually leads to chemoresistance. Accordingly, the expression level of the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 axis in chemoresistant patients is significantly higher than that in chemosensitive patients. Thus, our study demonstrated that the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 axis plays an important role in the inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis and that HCP5 may be a promising chemosensitivity target for cancer treatment.

HCP5 prevents ubiquitination-mediated UTP3 degradation to inhibit apoptosis by activating c-Myc transcriptional activity