Abstract Progress in understanding prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis and therapy resistance has been hampered by the lack of models, representative of the clinical spectrum and biologic complexity of the disease. Our laboratory is home to one of the largest worldwide repositories of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), the MDA PCa PDX series, a collection of clinically annotated PDXs reflecting the full spectrum of potentially lethal disease, that includes tumors that are not end stage and not castration-resistant PCa. We performed whole genome sequencing, targeted sequencing and RNA sequencing of 46 MDA PCa PDX models derived from biopsy and surgical specimens from 39 patients, selected in order to reflect the clinicopathological PCa subtypes (data available in cBioPortal). MDA PCa PDXs genomic characterization shows that the cohort recapitulates the mutational landscape found in PCa, highlighting the clinical relevance of these models. Interestingly and consistently with the clinic, certain models lack the typical PCa driver alterations, thus providing a suitable tool for discovery of novel drivers. Our cohort also includes PDXs derived from different areas of the same tumor and longitudinal samples, allowing to study disease heterogeneity and progression. Finally, we have developed a procedure to grow organoids from PDXs, thus providing a powerful in vitro platform that supports hypothesis generation, and testing of clinically relevant observations. Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of MDA PCa PDXs together with the ability to grow them as organoids for in vitro experimentation, provides a unique resource to address the existing clinical gap in PCa, helping to better understand mechanisms of response and resistance. One Sentence Summary MDA PCa PDX series is a dynamic resource capturing the molecular landscape of prostate cancer; a platform for discovery and personalized medicine

Integrative analysis of the MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX)