Comparative analysis of 1.688 satellite DNA on D. melanogaster species subgroup provides new insights of its pervasive presence throughout both chromatin domains and reveals a recent horizontal transfer event.

Abstract

The 1.688 satellite DNA is present in the genome of Drosophila species from the melanogaster subgroup and has never been detected in species outside this subgroup. We investigated the presence and evolution of the 1.688 satDNA in all Drosophila genomes sequenced so far. Blast searches showed that 1.688 repeats are virtually confined to species from the melanogaster subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis of ~6,500 repeats extracted from D. melanogaster , D. simulans , D. sechellia , D. yakuba and D. erecta revealed the presence of 1.688 family on heterochromatin and euchromatin of all five species. Heterochromatic copies revealed a concerted mode of evolution and a species-specific pattern. Oppositely, euchromatic copies lack species-specific or array-specific pattern. Euchromatic arrays also showed a high number of insertions on 5Kb upstream/downstream of genes and in intronic regions. Unexpectedly, we found an array with at least three full 1.688 tandem repeats in the genome of D. willistoni . These repeats were highly similar to the ones present in the chromosome X of D. melanogaster , although both species have diverged from each other more than 35Mya, suggesting that 1.688 repeats from the X chromosome of D. melanogaster moved to D. willistoni by a recent horizontal transfer event.